Frequency of Detection of Picornaviruses and Seven Other Respiratory Pathogens in Infants

Legg, Julian; Warner, Jill A.; Johnston, Sebastian L.; Warner, John O.

doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000168747.94999.aa

Cited by 96 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The rate of detection of HPIV in clinical samples of children included in the present study is within the range of minimum (0.31%) and maximum (13%) rates reported in other studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The highest rates of identification of HPIV (13%) have been achieved using isolation in cell culture and RT-PCR [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Fé¹,

Monteiro²,

Moura³

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4 [1]. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of acute respiratory infections (ARI), including lower respiratory tract infections, in infants and children. These three types of HPIV have been more extensively investigated than HPIV-4 [2-4]. All subtypes can cause a full spectrum of respiratory illness, including upper respiratory infections, croup, bronchiolitis and pneumonia [1,5]. Seasonal patterns of HPIV infections are distinct among the subtypes and geographic regions. In the USA, HPIV-2 can cause yearly outbreaks or biennial epidemics in cocirculation with HPIV-1 during the fall seasons, while HPIV-3 causes yearly spring and summer epidemics [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In England and Wales HPIV-3 causes yearly epidemics in the summer as shown [11]. In the northeast of England, a hospital-based study of the epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients over a six-year period showed that HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 epidemics occurred together, but only every 2 years [12]. In tropical countries, there have been fewer studies of HPIV and most of them do not demonstrate a seasonal pattern of HPIV infections [13,14].The purposes of the study were: (1) To determine the rate of HPIV infections among children attended at the Albert Sabin Children's Hospital (HIAS) over six consecutive years; (2) To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections; (3) To show the seasonal pattern of HPIV infections and its relation with the rainy season and with periods of activity of other respiratory viruses; and (4) To compare the clinical characteristics of parainfluenza infections with infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and adenovirus. Material and Methods Site of StudyThis study was conducted at HIAS, a teaching hospital where care is provided to children from low income families living in Fortaleza and other cities in the state of Ceará. The city of Fortaleza is located at sea level, 4 o south of the equator and has a tropical climate characterized by two distinct seasons: the rainy season, that occurs in the first semester of each year, usually from January to June, and the dry season, during the rest of the year. The humidity is high (>70%), and there is little temperature variation throughout the year. During this study, the minimum and maximum daily temperatures in Fortaleza were 21.1 o C and 33.9 o C, respectively. Population of StudyThe patients included in this study were children and teenagers (0 to 16 years old) with acute respiratory symptoms. They were attended at the emergency department, outpatients' clinics and pediatric wards of HIAS from January 2000 to December 2006. Inclusion CriteriaPatients were included in the study if they had one or more of the following symptoms with or without fever (≥37.5 o C): cough, coryza, sore throat, earache, breathing difficulty, stridor and/or wheezing within seven days of onset. Epidemiological and Clinical DataThe guardians a...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Fé¹,

Monteiro²,

Moura³

2008

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…The complexity and diversity of "respiratory infections" makes it challenging to link an individual factor Based on upper and lower respiratory infections during infants' first winter [203] and first year [204] b Based on children presenting to 14 US emergency departments [205] c Based on children admitted to 15 US hospitals (Camargo et al, unpublished data) Abbreviation: n/a denotes not available.…”

Section: Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D, Childhood Wheezing, Asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2011

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“…Mycoplasma, chlamydia, ureaplasma, ve pneumocystis türleri de nadiren bronfliyolit ve bronfliyolit benzeri tabloya yol açan etkenlerdir (2,(6)(7)(8)(9). Olgular›n 1/5'inde ise birden çok (ko-enfeksiyon) virüs görülür ve bu durumda klinik genellikle daha fliddetlidir (10).…”

Section: Etiolojiunclassified

Çocukluk çağında bronşiyolitler: Etiopatojenez ve immünolojik akciğer hasarındaki yenilikler

Yüksel¹,

Türkeli²,

Yılmaz³

et al. 2011

tpa

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Ç Ço oc cu uk kl lu uk k ç ça a¤ ¤› ›n nd da a b br ro on nfl fli iy yo ol li it tl le er r: : E Et ti io op pa at to oj je en ne ez z v ve e i im mm mü ün no ol lo oj ji ik k a ak kc ci i¤ ¤e er r h ha as sa ar r› ›n nd da ak ki i y ye en ni il li ik kl le er r B Br ro on nc ch hi io ol li it ti is s i in n c ch hi il ld dh ho oo od d: : U Up pd da at te es s o on n e et ti io op pa at th ho og ge en ne es si is s a an nd d i im mm mu un no ol lo og gi ic c l lu un ng g i in nj ju ur ry y GiriflAkut bronfliyolit, iki yafl›ndan küçük çocuklarda s›kl›kla viral etkenlerin neden oldu¤u bronfliyollerin enflamasyonuyla belirgin h›fl›lt› 'wheezing', öksürük, h›zl› solunum, gö-¤üste çekilmeler ve ekspiryumda uzama ile seyreden bir hastal›kt›r (1). S›k görülmesi, tekrarlayan tablolar›n›n ast›m ile olas› iliflkisi, süt çocuklu¤unda ciddi hastal›k ve ölüm nedeni oluflturmas› hastal›¤›n önemini artt›rmaktad›r (2).Ancak enfeksiyon etkenleriyle karfl›laflan çocuklar›n tamam›nda alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu geliflmemektedir. Enfeksiyona yatk›nl›k ve bronfliyolitin klinik olarak fliddetli seyretmesinde kona¤›n havayolundaki immünolojik, yap›-sal ve ifllevsel özellikleri önem tafl›maktad›r (3). Patojenlerin bronfl alan›na ulaflmalar›ndan sonra birincil hedefleri olan epitel hücrelerinde oluflan enflamasyona (virüsün virülans›, immünolojik yan›t) ba¤l› olarak bronfliyolitin klinik tablodaki a¤›rl›¤› de¤iflkenlik göstermektedir (4). Bunlar›n yan›nda S Su um mm ma ar ry yAcute bronchiolitis is a disease characterized with bronchiolar inflammation due to viral infections in children younger than two years that is associated with wheezing, cough, tachypnea, retractions and prolonged expiration. Many pathogens, among which respiratory syncytial virus is the most common, play role in the etiology. Cellular damage due to viral pathogens and anatomic and immunological factors of the host play a role in the development of lower respiratory tract infections only in some children exposed to respiratory syncytial virus and other viruses. Viral infections in children may change Th1/Th2 immune response pattern. Severity of disease changes with the degree of inflammation due to the immune response. Moreover, an increase in disease severity may be observed due to the activation of the nonadrenergic non-cholinergic neurogenic system. Severe RSV infections may develop in children with genetic predisposition. We explained the role of environmental factors, genetic and structural susceptibility of the host, and contribution of immunologic response in this susceptibility, in addition to the role of responsible infectious agents, in the development and severe progression of bronchiolitis (Turk Arch Ped 2010; 45: 75-81)

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Frequency of Detection of Picornaviruses and Seven Other Respiratory Pathogens in Infants

Cited by 96 publications

References 26 publications

Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects

Vitamin D, Childhood Wheezing, Asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Çocukluk çağında bronşiyolitler: Etiopatojenez ve immünolojik akciğer hasarındaki yenilikler

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