Frequency of Allergy in Orthodontic Patients

Cephalometric assessment of the mandibular growth pattern in mouth-breathing children

“…Mouth breathing may be due to anatomical predisposition or may be caused by several pathologies, such as palatine and pharyngeal tonsils hypertrophy, septal deviation, allergic rhinitis and nasal turbinate hypertrophy, among others [23].…”

The effect of mouth breathing versus nasal breathing on dentofacial and craniofacial development in orthodontic patients

“…Mouth breathing has a multifactor etiology that might vary from an anatomical obstruction, such as palatine and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, septal deviation, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis and nasal turbinate hypertrophy, or indirectly from deleterious oral habits that depending on the intensity, frequency, and habit duration might deform the dental arch and alter facial harmony 10, 11. The most common cause of mouth breathing is nasal obstruction, specifically adenoid hypertrophy in the pediatric population 12.…”

An Evaluation of Factors Determining Prognosis in Inflammatory and Retrogressive Periodontal Disease: A Series

“…The gingiva, as a structure capable of showing allergic change, has been discussed by Healy, 18 Higgins, 20 Straub, 37 Reid,30 and others. Straub, 38 in a lengthy article, says: "The eephalometric studies of Brodie have demonstrated that the growth patterns of the cranio-facial complex do not change much from birth to maturity, and that the patterns of each Class II, Division I (malocclusion) , of protraction of upper incisors wtih retracted mandible or teeth, are laid down very early.…”