Cephalometric assessment of the mandibular growth pattern in mouth-breathing children

Sousa, Juliana B.R.; Anselmo‐Lima, Wilma Terezinha; Valera, Fabiana Cardoso Pereira; Gallego, Aline J.; Matsumoto, Mírian Aiko Nakane

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.10.010

Cited by 78 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…7,10,12,[22][23][24] The designations ''adenoid face'' and ''long face syndrome'' have been used to characterize the typical appearance in patients with obstructed airways. 25 Many previous studies have shown that adenoid or tonsillar obstruction of the airway might cause abnormal maxillofacial development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 The presence of any obstacle in the respiratory system, especially in the nasal and pharyngeal regions, causes respiratory obstruction and forces the patient to breathe through the mouth. 8 The close association between mouth breathing and maxillofacial morphology [9][10][11][12] suggests that more attention should be paid to the effect of an obstructed airway on maxillofacial growth and development in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharyngeal airway in children with prognathism and normal occlusion

Takemoto¹,

Saitoh²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the pharyngeal airway width and the position of the maxillofacial skeleton between prognathic and normal children. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five girls with prognathism (mean, 7.9 6 0.9 years old) and 15 girls with normal occlusion (mean, 8.4 6 1.5 years) participated in this study. On each girl's lateral cephalogram, the coordinates of all points were marked and systematically digitized using a mechanical three-dimensional digitizing system. An independent-groups t-test was used to detect significant upper and lower pharyngeal width differences between the two groups. Correlations between the horizontal positions of each point and upper and lower pharyngeal widths were examined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharyngeal airway in children with prognathism and normal occlusion

Takemoto¹,

Saitoh²,

Iwasaki³

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…Instead, symptoms like behavioral changes, cognitive abnormalities, concentration difficulties and learning difficulties generally occur 8,12 . Facial growth abnormalities are observed among children with OSAS 7 and among mouth breathing children 13,14 , in addition to poor growth due to increased energy expenditure during sleep 15 , hyperactivity and antisocial behavior, and symptoms of depression 16 , cognitive difficulty 17,18 and motor dysfunction 19 . Children with abnormal craniofacial patterns show a predisposition towards some types of respiratory sleep disorder, as do children with tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors favor the development of mouth breathing 10,20 . Mouth breathing during the growth phase is an important factor responsible for a sequence of events that commonly result in growth changes and abnormalities of cranial and maxillomandibular development 14 . An association between mouth breathing during sleep and increased propensity for upper airway collapse has been well documented 20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Juliano

Machado

Carvalho

et al. 2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Objective: To determine whether mouth breathing children present the same cephalometric patterns as patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: Cephalometric variables were traced and measured on vertical lateral cephalometric radiographs. The cephalometric measurements of 52 mouth and 90 nose breathing children were compared with apneic patients. The children had not undergone adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy and had not had or were not receiving orthodontic or orthopedic treatment. Results: Mouth breathing children showed same cephalometric pattern observed in patients with OSAS: a tendency to have a retruded mandible (p=0.05), along with greater inclination of the mandibular and occlusal planes (p<0.01) and a tendency to have greater inclination of the upper incisors (p=0.08). The nasopharyngeal and posterior airway spaces were greatly reduced in mouth breathing children, as observed in patients with apnea (p<0.01). Conclusion: Mouth breathing children present abnormal cephalometric parameters and their craniofacial morphology resembles that of patients with OSAS.Key WOrdS: cephalometry, mouth breathing, obstructive sleep apnea.crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam padrão cefalométrico semelhante àquele observado em pacientes adultos com síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono resumo -Objetivo: determinar se crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam o mesmo padrão cefalométrico que os pacientes que tem síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). Método: Foram traçadas radiografias laterais verticais da cabeça para a mensuração das variáveis cefalométricas. As medidas cefalométricas de 52 crianças respiradoras bucais e de 90 crianças respiradoras nasais foram comparadas à de pacientes com apnéia. Foram excluídas as crianças que haviam sido submetidas à cirurgia de remoção de amídalas ou adenóides, ou que haviam recebido tratamento ortodôntico prévio ou em andamento. Resultados: As crianças respiradoras bucais apresentaram o mesmo padrão cefalométrico observado em pacientes com SAOS: tendência a ter retrusão de mandíbula (p=0,05), assim como uma maior inclinação dos planos mandibular e oclusal (p<0,01) e tendência a ter maior inclinação dos incisivos superiores (p=0,08). O espaço da nasofaringe e o espaço aéreo posterior se apresentaram muito diminuídos nas crianças respiradoras bucais, como é observado em pacientes com SAOS (p<0,01). Conclusão: Crianças respiradoras bucais apresentam padrão cefalométrico alterado e sua morfologia craniofacial é semelhante àquela observada em pacientes com SAOS.PAlAvrAS-ChAve: cefalometria, respiração bucal, apnéia obstrutiva do sono. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in adults is characterized by repeated episodes of cessation of breathing during sleep. These episodes result from obstruction of the upper airways, which collapse at different levels ranging from the nasal fossae to the lower portion of the hypopharynx 1 . The nocturnal symptoms include snoring, restless sleep, frequent arousals, apneas and excessive sweating. The daytime problems...

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“…No exame ortodôntico, por meio dos exames clínicos, extra e intra-oral e análise de modelos, pode-se evidenciar também o comprometimento da musculatura facial com hipotonia, ausência de selamento labial, alteração na postura da cabeça e coluna cervical, narinas estreitas, olheiras, face alongada com terço inferior mais evidente, gengivite marginal nos incisivos, estreitamento da arcada superior e/ou inferior, palato em ogiva, mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada posterior, alteração na posição dos incisivos, distância entre molares e caninos alterada, relação distal de molares e overjet aumentado (Linder -Aronson, 1970, 1979Bresolin et al, 1983Bresolin et al, , 1984Moreira, 1989;Ung et al, 1990;Warren, 1990;Hulcrantz et al, 1991;Aragão, 1991;Tourné, 1991;Gross et al, 1994;Oulis et al, 1994;Tourne e Schweiger, 1996;Zucconi et al, 1999;Weider et al, 2003;Arun et al, 2003;Lessa et al, 2005;Sousa et al, 2005;Peltomaki, 2007;Góis et al, 2008 (Subtelny, 1980). Conseqüentemente, esses indivíduos seriam mais facilmente afetados com mudanças no padrão respiratório, acarretando maiores seqüelas ao Sistema Estomatognático (Hiyama et al, 2003).…”

Section: In Nt Tr Ro Od Du Uç çã ãO Ounclassified

Padrão morfológico e características oclusais de crianças respiradoras bucais após cirurgia para hipertrofia de tonsilas

Mattar¹

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Cephalometric assessment of the mandibular growth pattern in mouth-breathing children

Cited by 78 publications

References 26 publications

Pharyngeal airway in children with prognathism and normal occlusion

Pharyngeal airway in children with prognathism and normal occlusion

Mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Padrão morfológico e características oclusais de crianças respiradoras bucais após cirurgia para hipertrofia de tonsilas

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