Abstract:The authors present the design and realisation of balanced antipodal tapered slot antenna (BATSA) with frequency notched ultra‐wideband impedance characteristics, very high gain and extremely low cross‐polarised radiation. The proposed antenna comprises a central elliptic conductor sandwiched between two elliptic conductors etched on two dielectric substrates both of which acts as the ground planes and thereby provide an electromagnetic balance for the radiating electric field. The proposed BATSA is fed by a m… Show more
“…A noticeable reduction in beam squint can be achieved by eliminating substrate in between two metal flares [11]. Wideband BAVA can be changed to notch band BAVA by including a quarter wavelength spur line in feeding microstrip line [78]. Table 7 lists the performance comparison of BAVA design.…”
Section: G Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (Bava)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Schematic representation of co-polarized and cross polarized components of the electric field vector in AVA and BAVA[78].…”
The increasing proliferation of advanced devices for UWB, 5G communication, micrometerwave, and millimeter-wave communication demands an antenna which can handle huge data rates, provides high gain and stable radiation pattern as a panacea of most of the current wireless communication problems. Many different antenna designs have been proposed by the researchers but, Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) has drawn the attention of most of the researchers because of its high gain, wide bandwidth, less radiation loss, and stable radiation pattern. Different methods are presented to make AVA more compact while maintaining the performance of an antenna to an acceptable level. These different methods are substrate choice, flare shape, slots, and feeding connectors. Also, AVA performance can be enhanced by incorporating corrugation, dielectric lens, patch in between two flares of AVA, balanced AVA (BAVA), metamaterial, computational intelligence (CI), and AVA array. The AVA performance enhancement techniques modify the electrical and physical properties of an antenna which in turn improves its performance. A large number of performance enhancement methods of AVA design have been proposed, however, no comprehensive study exists to categorize these performance enhancement techniques and outline their concepts, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. So, in this paper, we have attempted to outline all methods available for enhancing and optimizing the parameters of AVA. Additionally, to validate some of the important performance enhancement methods, they are incorporated in the basic conventional AVA design and further simulation results are obtained for the same which are in line with the surveyed literature. Each method is explained in detail by incorporating its key points, merits, and demerits. Moreover, illustrations from the literature are given to demonstrate improvement in the parameters as a result of applying a particular performance enhancement technique. INDEX TERMS Antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA), AVA array, balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (BAVA), corrugations, dielectric lens, metamaterial, parasitic patch, slots.
“…A noticeable reduction in beam squint can be achieved by eliminating substrate in between two metal flares [11]. Wideband BAVA can be changed to notch band BAVA by including a quarter wavelength spur line in feeding microstrip line [78]. Table 7 lists the performance comparison of BAVA design.…”
Section: G Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (Bava)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Schematic representation of co-polarized and cross polarized components of the electric field vector in AVA and BAVA[78].…”
The increasing proliferation of advanced devices for UWB, 5G communication, micrometerwave, and millimeter-wave communication demands an antenna which can handle huge data rates, provides high gain and stable radiation pattern as a panacea of most of the current wireless communication problems. Many different antenna designs have been proposed by the researchers but, Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) has drawn the attention of most of the researchers because of its high gain, wide bandwidth, less radiation loss, and stable radiation pattern. Different methods are presented to make AVA more compact while maintaining the performance of an antenna to an acceptable level. These different methods are substrate choice, flare shape, slots, and feeding connectors. Also, AVA performance can be enhanced by incorporating corrugation, dielectric lens, patch in between two flares of AVA, balanced AVA (BAVA), metamaterial, computational intelligence (CI), and AVA array. The AVA performance enhancement techniques modify the electrical and physical properties of an antenna which in turn improves its performance. A large number of performance enhancement methods of AVA design have been proposed, however, no comprehensive study exists to categorize these performance enhancement techniques and outline their concepts, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. So, in this paper, we have attempted to outline all methods available for enhancing and optimizing the parameters of AVA. Additionally, to validate some of the important performance enhancement methods, they are incorporated in the basic conventional AVA design and further simulation results are obtained for the same which are in line with the surveyed literature. Each method is explained in detail by incorporating its key points, merits, and demerits. Moreover, illustrations from the literature are given to demonstrate improvement in the parameters as a result of applying a particular performance enhancement technique. INDEX TERMS Antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA), AVA array, balanced antipodal Vivaldi antenna (BAVA), corrugations, dielectric lens, metamaterial, parasitic patch, slots.
“…Fig. 5.Schematic representation of co-polarized and cross-polarized components of the electric field vector in AVA and BAVA [30]. Fig.…”
Section: Balanced and Unbalanced Avamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…BAVA with improved return loss and bandwidth is demonstrated in [31]. A wideband BAVA is transformed to notch band BAVA in [30] by introducing a quarter wavelength spur line in the microstrip feed line. Four types of BAVA as conventional BAVA, BAVA with symmetric substrate cut-out (BAVA-SC), BAVA with asymmetric cut-out (BAVA-AC), and BAVA-AC with dual-scale slotted edges (BAVA-AC-DSE) are implemented here.…”
The progressions in the field of wireless technology can be highly attributed to the development of antennas, which can access high data rates, provide significant gain and uniform radiation characteristics. One such antenna called the Vivaldi antenna has attracted the utmost attention of the researchers owing to its high gain, wide bandwidth, low cross-polarization, and stable radiation characteristics. Over the years, different procedures have been proposed by several researchers to improve the performance of the Vivaldi antennas. Some of these different approaches are feeding mechanisms, integration of slots, dielectric substrate selection, and radiator shape. Correspondingly, the performance of a Vivaldi antenna can be increased by including dielectric lens, parasitic patch in between two radiators, corrugations, as well as metamaterials. This paper gives a systematic identification, location, and analysis of a large number of performance enhancement methods of Vivaldi antenna design depicting their concepts, advantages, drawbacks, and applications. The principal emphasis of this article is to offer an outline of the developments in the design of Vivaldi antennas over the last few years, where the most important offerings, mostly from IEEE publications, have been emphasized. This review work aims to reveal a promising path to antenna researchers for its advancement using Vivaldi antennas.
“…The balanced AVA consists of three layers: the top and bottom layers function as conductors, and the middle layer functions as a ground. This structure provides equal electric field distribution on both sides to the ground, but the antenna design is complex [21]. Similarly, the design and placement of the metamaterial unit cells are also complex.…”
This paper presents a compact 1 × 4 antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) array for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The designed antenna operates over 24.19 GHz–29.15 GHz and 30.28 GHz–40.47 GHz frequency ranges. The proposed antenna provides a high gain of 8 dBi to 13.2 dBi and the highest gain is obtained at 40.3 GHz. The proposed antenna operates on frequency range-2 (FR2) and covers n257, n258, n260, and n261 frequency bands of 5G communication. The corrugations and RT/Duroid 5880 substrate are used to reduce the antenna size to 24 mm × 28.8 mm × 0.254 mm, which makes the antenna highly compact. Furthermore, the corrugations play an important role in the front-to-back ratio improvement, which further enhances the gain of the antenna. The corporate feeding is optimized meticulously to obtain an enhanced bandwidth and narrow beamwidth. The radiation pattern does not vary over the desired operating frequency range. In addition, the experimental results of the fabricated antenna coincide with the simulated results. The presented antenna design shows a substantial improvement in size, gain, and bandwidth when compared to what has been reported for an AVA with nearly the same size, which makes the proposed antenna one of the best candidates for application in devices that operate in the millimeter frequency range.
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