Frequency Domain Multiplexed Readout of TES Detector Arrays With Baseband Feedback

Hartog, Roland H. den; Beyer, J.; Boersma, D.; Bruijn, M. P.; Gottardi, L.; Hoevers, H.; Hou, Rui; Kiviranta, Mikko; Korte, P. de; Kuur, J. van der; Leeuwen, Bert-Joost van; Lindeman, M. A.; Nieuwenhuizen, A. C. T.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2010.2101998

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…1), corresponds to 10 pA/ √ Hz, and it is clear that the actual noise level stays below this line over the entire relevant frequency range. This implies a factor 5 improvement with respect to previous experiments [10], and indicates that the read-out noise requirements in Table 1 are feasible. The difference between the two noise levels in the left panel is the signal picked up by the SQUID in its set point, and consists at offresonance frequencies mainly of SQUID wide-band noise.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The experiments described in this paper involved two different set-ups. The first is a repetition of a previous set-up used in the IXO XMS development activity [10]. Several improvements were made to reduce the read-out noise, including an upgrade of the SQUID to the PTB C5 series with bias-current feedback [11], and an LNA with lower noise.…”

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Noise Readout of TES Detectors with Baseband Feedback Frequency Domain Multiplexing

et al. 2012

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SRON is developing an electronic read-out system for an array of transition edge sensors (TES) based on the techniques of frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) and base-band feedback (BBFB). The astronomical applications of our system are the read-out of soft X-ray micro-calorimeters in a potential instrument on the European X-ray mission-under-study Athena and far-IR bolometers for the SAFARI instrument on the Japanese mission SPICA. In this paper we demonstrate the simultaneous locking of up to 51 BBFB loops. While locked, the in-band read-out noise of the loops is shown to reach the 10 pA/ √ Hz level required for these missions.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Experimental Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Noise Readout of TES Detectors with Baseband Feedback Frequency Domain Multiplexing

et al. 2012

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“…The '×' shows the value of R sh that minimizes this ratio for each value of G, and thus that places the lowest burden on the multiplexed readout. When multiplied by the multiplexing frame time (defined by the row-dwell time and the number of multiplexed rows, or t fr = t row N rows ) the dynamic-slew density is the "dynamic-range density" (units of √ Hz) used [6] in discussion of frequency-domain multiplexing techniques While the five models differ in G, and thus in τ nat , by more than a factor of three, their optimal values of τ crit range only from 200 µs to 235 µs. In addition to being easiest to multiplex in general, the higher-ETF models (low-G, low-R sh ) have two further advantages: (1) they suffer less thermal crosstalk; and (2) more of their multiplexing degradation is due to finite t rec , so when Athena's count rates were low during observations of dim sources, t rec could be extended to improve ΔE FWHM substantially.…”

Section: Squid Noise and Slew Rate: Dynamic-slew Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the TES-Bias Circuit for a Multiplexed Microcalorimeter Array

et al. 2012

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A transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter's shunt resistor (R sh ) and thermal conductance to the cryogenic bath (G) are often considered to be interchangeable knobs with which to control detector speed. Indeed, for otherwiseidentical TES-parameter models, there are many combinations of R sh and G that give the same decay time-constant (τ crit ). However, our previous work showed that with time-or code-division-multiplexed readout, the distribution of signal-to-noise ratio with frequency, which depends strongly on R sh and G, is just as important as τ crit . Here, we present a set of calculations to select the optimal values of R sh and G, given a linear TES model and count-rate and energy-resolution requirements. Lower G and lower R sh make multiplexing easier. Our calculations also determine the allowed combination of SQUID-readout noise (S Φ ) and multiplexer row-period (t row ) and row-count (N rows ). Recent improvements to S Φ and t row in the NIST time-divisionmultiplexing architecture have allowed a NIST eight-pixel TES array to be read out with 2.70 eV (full-width at half-maximum) average energy resolution at 6 keV. The improvements make the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer co-proposed by NASA and NIST for ESA's Athena X-ray observatory straightforwardly achievable, including engineering margin, with N rows = 16.

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“…SRON has been developing frequency division multiplexing (FDM) to readout Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers for the focal plane array of SPICA [1]. In FDM, each TES is biased by a sinusoidal carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrier Phase Optimization for Frequency Division Multiplexing of Low Temperature Detectors

et al. 2012

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A large number of low temperature detectors may be read out via few wires using frequency division multiplexing. In this scheme, each detector is biased by a sine wave with a unique carrier frequency. Numerous carriers can be combined in a single pair of wires. However, the combined signals occasionally result in large peak amplitudes in the bias or the readout. This stresses the capabilities of the electronics. We developed an efficient algorithm to optimize the phases and frequencies of the carriers in order to obtain a low crest factor. We also find that more regularly spaced carrier frequencies result in a lower crest factor, compared to irregularly spaced carriers.

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Frequency Domain Multiplexed Readout of TES Detector Arrays With Baseband Feedback

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Low-Noise Readout of TES Detectors with Baseband Feedback Frequency Domain Multiplexing

Low-Noise Readout of TES Detectors with Baseband Feedback Frequency Domain Multiplexing

Optimization of the TES-Bias Circuit for a Multiplexed Microcalorimeter Array

Carrier Phase Optimization for Frequency Division Multiplexing of Low Temperature Detectors

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