Frequency-division multiplexing in the terahertz range using a leaky-wave antenna

Karl, Nicholas; McKinney, Robert; Monnai, Yasuaki; Mendis, Rajind; Mittleman, Daniel M.

doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.176

Cited by 179 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A 3D printed anti-reflection waveguide structure has shown low loss, close to zero dispersion of THz waves [21]. Interestingly, arising from research pertaining to THz communications is a 3D printed leaky waveguide antenna for THz frequency division multiplexing [22]. In a slightly more exotic case, guide cladding is customized by 3D printing to contain metal inclusions inserted post-production [23].…”

Section: Summary Of 3d Printing and Terahertz Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Characterization of Common and Exotic Filaments for Use in 3D Printed Terahertz Devices

Squires

Lewis

2018

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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Recent years have seen an influx of applications utilizing 3D printed devices in the terahertz regime. The simplest, and perhaps most versatile, modality allowing this is Fused Deposition Modelling. In this work, a holistic analysis of the terahertz optical, mechanical and printing properties of 17 common and exotic 3D printer filaments used in Fused Deposition Modelling is performed. High impact polystyrene is found to be the best filament, with a useable frequency range of 0.1-1.3 THz, while remaining easily printed. Nylon, polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol give the least desirable terahertz response, satisfactory only below 0.5 THz. Interestingly, most modified filaments aimed at increasing mechanical properties and ease of printing do so without compromising the useable terahertz optical window. Abstract Recent years have seen an influx of applications utilizing 3D printed devices in the terahertz regime. The simplest, and perhaps most versatile, modality allowing this is Fused Deposition Modelling. In this work, a holistic analysis of the terahertz optical, mechanical and printing properties of 17 common and exotic 3D printer filaments used in Fused Deposition Modelling is performed. High impact polystyrene is found to be the best filament, with a useable frequency range of 0.1-1.3 THz, while remaining easily printed. Nylon, polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol give the least desirable terahertz response, satisfactory only below 0.5 THz. Interestingly, most modified filaments aimed at increasing mechanical properties and ease of printing do so without compromising the useable terahertz optical window.

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Section: Summary Of 3d Printing and Terahertz Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and Characterization of Common and Exotic Filaments for Use in 3D Printed Terahertz Devices

Squires

Lewis

2018

J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves

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“…Ohmic losses in the appropriately scaled PTIs are negligible for the frequencies as high as THz (see Methods), where there is growing interest in free-space wireless communications 26 applications. The topological spin-Chern index 27 of the electromagnetic modes propagating below the bandgap changes sign 14 when the rods are re-attached from the top to the bottom plate (see SI, section S1).…”

Section: Bg Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By loading a straight PTI interface (which plays the role of a bus waveguide 18 for the propagating TPSWs) with a sequence of phase-delay defects (Fig. 4, top), nearly arbitrary phase profiles φ def (x, f ) can be generated and subsequently used in a variety of applications, including frequency-division multiplexing for free-space wireless communications 26 and terahertz wave generation 33 . The detour defect shown in Fig.…”

Section: Bg Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Realization of a Reflections-Free Compact Delay Line Based on a Photonic Topological Insulator

Lai

Shvets

2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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Electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating through an inhomogeneous medium are generally scattered whenever the medium's electromagnetic properties change on the scale of a single wavelength. This fundamental phenomenon constrains how optical structures are designed and interfaced with each other. Recent theoretical work indicates that electromagnetic structures collectively known as photonic topological insulators (PTIs) can be employed to overcome this fundamental limitation, thereby paving the way for ultra-compact photonic structures that no longer have to be wavelength-scale smooth. Here we present the first experimental demonstration of a photonic delay line based on topologically protected surface electromagnetic waves (TPSWs) between two PTIs which are the EM counterparts of the quantum spin-Hall topological insulators in condensed matter. Unlike conventional guided EM waves that do not benefit from topological protection, TPSWs are shown to experience multiwavelength reflection-free time delays when detoured around sharply-curved paths, thus offering a unique paradigm for compact and efficient wave buffers and other devices.The existence of localized TPSWs at the PTI's 1-13 edge 6,7,10 , or at an interface between two PTIs with different electromagnetic properties 1,3,11,12,14 , holds great promise for photonic applications. Their scattering-free propagation along sharply-curved paths 14 opens exciting opportunities across the electromagnetic spectrum, including optical isolators 15,16 multiple-input multiple-output communications systems 17 , and topologically robust broadband optical buffers and time delay lines 18,19 . Remarkably, while the latter set of applications was the original motivation 6 for PTI development, an experimental demonstration of such functionality has been elusive. For example, in one successful implementation of topologically protected edge transport that utilized an ensemble of high-Q resonators 7 , statistical properties of time delays were measured 20 . However, the combination of finite disorder and sharp resonances makes the development of a single-channel delay line in a given photonic structure extremely challenging.An alternative PTI platform emulates the quantum spin Hall (QSH) 21-24 effect by introducing a photonic analog of spin-orbital interaction using bianisotropic metamaterials 11 , as well as uniaxial 12 or bianisotropic 14 metawaveguides. Unlike nonreciprocal PTIs 3-5 , it does not require an external magnetic field or ferromagnetic materials. The spin degree of freedom can then be interpreted as the phase relationship between transverse electric (TE) and magnetic (TM) modes of the metamaterial-in-phase for the spin-up and out-of-phase for the spin-down states. In this Letter, an interface between two QSH PTIs is used to experimentally demonstrate a single-channel topologically protected delay line that employs only the edge modes and is not influenced by the bulk modes. Strong suppression of the bulk modes with respect to the edge modes is crucial because the forme...

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“…Leaky-wave antennas have been used in the microwave and RF spectral ranges as highly directional and versatile antennas since the 1940's and continue to be used as novel transmitters and receivers to this day [12][13][14]. In a leaky-wave antenna, a travelling wave is guided along a main waveguiding structure and radiates outward azimuthally from the propagation axis [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The travelling wave inside the rectangular waveguide is a fast wave with a phase velocity greater than the vacuum speed of light. This leads to an effective refractive index less than unity [12][13][14][15]. By opening a slot along the side wall of the waveguide, one connects the two media inside and outside the waveguide, thus allowing the traveling wave to leak into free space at an angle determined by Snell's Law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focused terahertz waves generated by a phase velocity gradient in a parallel-plate waveguide

McKinney¹,

Monnai²,

Mendis³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate the focusing of a free-space THz beam emerging from a leaky parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG). Focusing is accomplished by grading the launch angle of the leaky wave using a PPWG with gradient plate separation. Inside the PPWG, the phase velocity of the guided TE 1 mode exceeds the vacuum light speed, allowing the wave to leak into free space from a slit cut along the top plate. Since the leaky wave angle changes as the plate separation decreases, the beam divergence can be controlled by grading the plate separation along the propagation axis. We experimentally demonstrate focusing of the leaky wave at a selected location at frequencies of 100 GHz and 170 GHz, and compare our measurements with numerical simulations. The proposed concept can be valuable for implementing a flat and wide-aperture beam-former for THz communications systems.

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Frequency-division multiplexing in the terahertz range using a leaky-wave antenna

Cited by 179 publications

References 28 publications

Feasibility and Characterization of Common and Exotic Filaments for Use in 3D Printed Terahertz Devices

Feasibility and Characterization of Common and Exotic Filaments for Use in 3D Printed Terahertz Devices

Experimental Realization of a Reflections-Free Compact Delay Line Based on a Photonic Topological Insulator

Focused terahertz waves generated by a phase velocity gradient in a parallel-plate waveguide

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