Abstract3D printing opens up an inexpensive, rapid, and versatile path to the fabrication of optical elements suited to the terahertz regime. The transmission of the plastics used in 3D printers, while generally decreasing with frequency, is usable over the range 0.1-2 THz. We have designed, fabricated, and tested regular and blazed gratings and aspherical lenses for operation at terahertz frequencies. We find that the measured performance matches our theoretical predictions. Abstract 3D printing opens up an inexpensive, rapid, and versatile path to the fabrication of optical elements suited to the terahertz regime. The transmission of the plastics used in 3D printers, while generally decreasing with frequency, is usable over the range 0.1-2 THz. We have designed, fabricated, and tested regular and blazed gratings and aspherical lenses for operation at terahertz frequencies. We find that the measured performance matches our theoretical predictions. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies
The Upper Devonian Grosmont Formation is a bitumensaturated, carbonate unit located in northern Alberta. It is considered to be one of the world's next largest unconventional oil resource plays. Since early 2006, there has been an increased interest in Grosmont resources exhibited by a range of companies including super-majors. Several in-situ pilot tests were conducted in the central portion of this area in the 1970s and 1980s utilizing steam and in-situ combustion processes. Similar to field tests in the McMurray Formation oil sands prior to invention of the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process, none of the early recovery technologies tested were proven to be economic. As the "gravity" drainage process has been proven successful in commercial development of the McMurray Formation oil sands since mid to late 1990s, the recovery potential for the Grosmont Formation should be re-evaluated based on improved recovery techniques. Results from cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) field tests are compared and analyzed to understand the similarity and fundamental differences in reservoir properties between the McMurray Formation oil sands and the Grosmont Formation carbonate rocks. A preliminary interpretation is provided for laboratory test results for solvent processes applied to Grosmont carbonate cores. The scaling considerations from the laboratory results to field expectations are discussed. The paper also provides a direction for future studies and optimization opportunities for reservoir recovery leading to the commercial development of Grosmont carbonate reservoirs.
Recent years have seen an influx of applications utilizing 3D printed devices in the terahertz regime. The simplest, and perhaps most versatile, modality allowing this is Fused Deposition Modelling. In this work, a holistic analysis of the terahertz optical, mechanical and printing properties of 17 common and exotic 3D printer filaments used in Fused Deposition Modelling is performed. High impact polystyrene is found to be the best filament, with a useable frequency range of 0.1-1.3 THz, while remaining easily printed. Nylon, polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol give the least desirable terahertz response, satisfactory only below 0.5 THz. Interestingly, most modified filaments aimed at increasing mechanical properties and ease of printing do so without compromising the useable terahertz optical window. Abstract Recent years have seen an influx of applications utilizing 3D printed devices in the terahertz regime. The simplest, and perhaps most versatile, modality allowing this is Fused Deposition Modelling. In this work, a holistic analysis of the terahertz optical, mechanical and printing properties of 17 common and exotic 3D printer filaments used in Fused Deposition Modelling is performed. High impact polystyrene is found to be the best filament, with a useable frequency range of 0.1-1.3 THz, while remaining easily printed. Nylon, polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol give the least desirable terahertz response, satisfactory only below 0.5 THz. Interestingly, most modified filaments aimed at increasing mechanical properties and ease of printing do so without compromising the useable terahertz optical window.
Through a combined experimental and theoretical investigation we determine that the fundamental modes of three quinacridones fall in the terahertz spectral range (1-10 THz, ∼30-300 cm). In each spectrum the terahertz resonances correspond to wagging, rocking, or twisting of the quinacridone rings, with the most intense absorption being an in-plane rocking vibration of the carbonyl oxygens. In spite of these spectral similarities, we demonstrate that terahertz measurements readily differentiate β-quinacridone, γ-quinacridone, and 2,9-dimethylquinacridone. The spectrum of β-quinacridone has a group of closely spaced modes at ∼4 THz, whereas in contrast the spectrum of γ-quinacridone displays a widely spaced series of modes spread over the range ∼1-5 THz. Both of these have the strongest mode at ∼9 THz, whereas in contrast 2,9-dimethylquinacridone exhibits the strongest mode at ∼7 THz. Because quinacridones are the basis of widely used synthetic pigments of relatively recent origin, our findings offer promising applications in the identification and dating of modern art.
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