Frequency-Dependent Electrical Stimulation of the Visual Cortex

Kanai, Ryota; Chaieb, Leila; Antal, Andrea; Walsh, Vincent; Paulus, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.027

Cited by 366 publications

(392 citation statements)

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“…We have interpreted the presence of spectral peaks corresponding to the FM and AM stimulation frequencies (accompanied by oscillation of behavioral performance in these same frequency bands) as reflecting entrainment of ongoing (spontaneous) neural oscillations by rhythmic environmental stimulation (4,18,47). Evidence that environmental rhythmic structure interacts with ongoing brain rhythms comes from the satisfaction of a number of predictions derived from dynamic systems theory (18,48).…”

Section: Do Spectral Peaks At the Stimulation Frequencies Reflect Entmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…First, both empirical and modeling results demonstrate that the strength of the observed neural oscillation depends on the correspondence between the external stimulus rhythm and the ongoing neural rhythm. That is, stimulusrelated neural oscillations are strongest and most quickly apparent when the environmental rhythm matches the natural frequency of the endogenous neural oscillator (47)(48)(49)(50) and when the stimulation perturbs the ongoing neural oscillation in a specific phase (48,49). Second, neural oscillations exhibit a self-sustaining quality (51) that can be observed in both neural recordings (28,50) and behavioral fluctuations (52, 53).…”

Section: Do Spectral Peaks At the Stimulation Frequencies Reflect Entmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Entrained neural oscillations in multiple frequency bands comodulate behavior

Henry

Obleser

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

207

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Our sensory environment is teeming with complex rhythmic structure, to which neural oscillations can become synchronized. Neural synchronization to environmental rhythms (entrainment) is hypothesized to shape human perception, as rhythmic structure acts to temporally organize cortical excitability. In the current human electroencephalography study, we investigated how behavior is influenced by neural oscillatory dynamics when the rhythmic fluctuations in the sensory environment take on a naturalistic degree of complexity. Listeners detected near-threshold gaps in auditory stimuli that were simultaneously modulated in frequency (frequency modulation, 3.1 Hz) and amplitude (amplitude modulation, 5.075 Hz); modulation rates and types were chosen to mimic the complex rhythmic structure of natural speech. Neural oscillations were entrained by both the frequency modulation and amplitude modulation in the stimulation. Critically, listeners' target-detection accuracy depended on the specific phase-phase relationship between entrained neural oscillations in both the 3.1-Hz and 5.075-Hz frequency bands, with the best performance occurring when the respective troughs in both neural oscillations coincided. Neural-phase effects were specific to the frequency bands entrained by the rhythmic stimulation. Moreover, the degree of behavioral comodulation by neural phase in both frequency bands exceeded the degree of behavioral modulation by either frequency band alone. Our results elucidate how fluctuating excitability, within and across multiple entrained frequency bands, shapes the effective neural processing of environmental stimuli. More generally, the frequency-specific nature of behavioral comodulation effects suggests that environmental rhythms act to reduce the complexity of highdimensional neural states.auditory perception | psychophysics | neuroscience L ow-frequency neural oscillations have recently been proposed to play a crucial role in perception (1-4). This is because lowfrequency neural oscillations reflect fluctuations in local neuronal excitability, meaning they influence the likelihood of neuronal firing in a periodic fashion (4-6). The result is that the probability that a (near-threshold) stimulus will elicit a neuronal response is not a uniform function of time but, instead, depends on the phase of the neural oscillation into which the stimulation falls. Indeed, the dependence of behavioral performance on neural oscillatory phase has been demonstrated in the visual (7-11) and auditory (12-15) domains.The role of neural oscillatory phase in perception is suggested to be of particular importance when stimuli possess temporal regularity (1,11,16,17). Precise alignment of neural oscillations with rhythmic stimuli is accomplished via entrainment, which is a process by which two oscillations become synchronized, or phaselocked, through phase and/or period adjustments (18). Through entrainment, perception of rhythmic stimuli is optimized when high-energy portions of a signal are aligned with periods of high excitab...

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Section: Do Spectral Peaks At the Stimulation Frequencies Reflect Entmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Do Spectral Peaks At the Stimulation Frequencies Reflect Entmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrained neural oscillations in multiple frequency bands comodulate behavior

Henry

Obleser

2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

202

207

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“…The main effect of tACS in humans is a modulation of oscillatory frequency bands in the EEG, if these match the stimulation frequency. For instance, tACS at alpha frequency enhances activity in the visual cortex, and results in excitability alterations [26,27] . Thus the main functional effect of tACS seems to be a modulation of cortical oscillations.…”

Section: Physiology Of Transcranial Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring prefrontal cortex functions in healthy humans by transcranial electrical stimulation

Kuo

Nitsche²

2015

Neurosci. Bull.

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The prefrontal cortex is involved in a multitude of cognitive, emotional, motivational, and social processes, so exploring its specifi c functions is crucial for understanding human experience and behavior. Functional imaging approaches have largely contributed to the enhancement of our understanding, but might have limitations in establishing causal relationships between physiology and the related psychological and behavioral processes. Non-invasive electrical stimulation with direct or alternating currents can help to enhance our understanding with regard to specific processes, and might provide future protocols able to improve them in case of malfunctions. We review the current state of the fi eld, and provide an outlook for future developments.

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“…It was reported that MEP amplitudes could be modeled by the activity of theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) cortical oscillations in the right and left primary motor cortex (Schutter & Hortensius, 2011). These authors went a step further and applied this finding to selectively control the therapeutic outcome of transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS) (for detailed description of tACS readers may refer to (Kanai et al, 2008)). In this experiment, they applied the tACS with two different frequency settings of theta-beta and alpha-alpha configuration which were administered on two separate days.…”

Section: Single Pulse Tmsmentioning

confidence: 99%