Frequency and Sociodemographic Determinants of Depression in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Mansoor, Shafi; Haider, Anum; Ramzan, Zoobia; Usman, Rahat

doi:10.36570/jduhs.2018.1.555

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, the studies in patients with CLD, although limited, demonstrate a greater prevalence in older adults. 5,6,10 Findings in the CLD population align with the finding of higher associations of depression in older individuals with other chronic medical illnesses possibly because of suffering, family disruption, and disability. 17 Depression, especially in older adults, worsens the outcomes of many chronic illnesses and increases mortality.…”

Section: Agesupporting

confidence: 70%

“…A 2018 descriptive cross-sectional study from Pakistan of 143 patients with CLD found a significant association of depression observed with age (P = 0.011), gender (P < 0.001), educational status (P = 0.002), employment status (P = 0.022), and socioeconomic status (P < 0.001). 6 In a large US population study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, female gender was independently associated with depression in patients with CLD 7 across etiologies, including HCV, hepatitis B virus, alcohol, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A lower household income of less than $55,000 per year was associated with depression in this study but was not statistically significant (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.59-0.89).…”

Section: An Official Learning Resource Of Aasldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Depression in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

Matos‐Rivera

Andrews

Eswaran

2022

Clinical Liver Disease

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Sociodemographic determinants of depression in the general population are well established 1 (Table 1). Depression is more prevalent among women, younger adults, separated or divorced compared with married or cohabiting, and white and Native American adults compared with African American, Asian American, or Hispanic adults. Studies have found an association between depression and lower income and unemployment.Much less is known about the sociodemographic correlates for depression in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) (Table 2). Studies evaluating risk factors in patients with CLD have several limitations, such as narrowly evaluating depression prevalence and risk factors in one specific etiology for CLD, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). In addition, there lies general limitations to studies evaluating sociodemographic risk factors for depression, such as small patient populations, various scales for depression, and selfreporting. Several large studies link depression and poor health-related quality of life in patients with CLD, 2-4 but the sociodemographic factors are not always elucidated for those with depression in these reports.In this review, we present the current literature evaluating sociodemographic risk factors for depression in patients with CLD and consistencies, or inconsistencies, compared with the general population. Although interconnected, other nondemographic risk factors for depression, such as substance abuse, alcohol use, and hepatic encephalopathy, are beyond the scope of this review and will be examined in other sections of Clinical Liver Disease: Behavioral Health Edition.

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Section: Agesupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: An Official Learning Resource Of Aasldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Depression in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

Matos‐Rivera

Andrews

Eswaran

2022

Clinical Liver Disease

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“…People with multimorbid conditions are twice as likely to be depressed as people without multimorbidity [ 10 ]. Related studies have confirmed that many patients with chronic diseases have mental disorders, such as depression, because of the long-term nature of the disease and its impact on quality of life [ 11 – 13 ]. Patients with chronic diseases suffer from pain for many years and may even have physical dysfunction, which leads to a lower quality of life and lower ability for social and role adaptation than normal and subsequently leads to their denial of self-worth, a sense of powerlessness toward life, and the occurrence of depression [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between chronic diseases and depression: the mediating effect of pain

Xiang

Yan

et al. 2021

BMC Psychiatry

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Background Chronic diseases have a high incidence in China and may cause pain and depression. However, the association of chronic diseases with pain and the incidence of depression has not been comprehensively investigated. Methods The study population was obtained from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The cross-sectional data from15,213 persons were included. CHARLS provides nationally representative data from21,097 individuals aged 45 years and older in approximately 150 districts and 450 villages. The main outcome was the incidence of depression. The main independent variable was chronic disease (no chronic disease, one chronic disease, and two or more chronic diseases). The mediators were the degree of pain (no pain, mild pain, and moderate to severe pain) and whether measures were taken to relieve pain (measures taken and no measures taken). We performed chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses of the associations of chronic disease with pain and the incidence of depression. The mediation model was examined using the Sobel test. Results Patients with more chronic diseases had more severe pain (OR = 3.697, P < 0.001, CI = 2.919–4.681) and were more likely to develop depression (OR = 2.777, P < 0.001, CI = 2.497–3.090). The degree of pain partially mediated the interaction between chronic disease and depression in this study (t = 7.989, P < 0.001). The incidence of depression was high in people who were female, less educated, unmarried, living in rural areas, and working. Conclusions The degree of pain had a partial mediating effect on chronic disease and depression. Pain relief measures should be considered when treating patients with depression.

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“…Fabregas and others assessed 75 patients with chronic hepatitis C with multiple psychiatric rating scales and found that 28% of the patients were suffering from depression 22 . A study from Karachi Pakistan used the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in 143 patients of chronic liver disease with at least 6 months duration and found that 31.4% of their patients were suffering from depression 23 . A study of 878 patients who had nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and were hepatitis B and C positive found that 23.6% already had a diagnosis of depressive disorders 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Having a Chronic Liver Illness Make One More Likely to Become Melancholic and Anxious?

Habib¹,

Ashaq²,

Butt³

et al. 2022

PJMHS

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Background: Chronic liver disease is a highly prevalent illness globally and in Pakistan as well. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) in hospitalized patients. Methods and materials: Agha khan University anxiety and depression scale (AKUADS), a questionnaire developed natively in Urdu language, was the instrument used for the study. Admitted patients with the diagnosis of chronic liver disease at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore were invited to take part in the study. A total of 107 patients volunteered to take part in the study (29.9% females) from February 2018 to November 2018. Descriptive statistics was employed to report the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the study population and independent samples T-test was used to analyze the gender difference between the participants. Results: All study participants scored above the cut-off score of 20 on AKUADS. No significant gender difference was seen among the study participants on mean AKUADS scores. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders is very high in patients with CLD. These patients should be assessed for the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on a frequent and routine basis. Recognition and treatment of depressive and anxiety symptoms at an early stage may lead to avoidance of many adverse outcomes related to CLD. Keywords: Depression, Anxiety, Chronic liver disease

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Frequency and Sociodemographic Determinants of Depression in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Depression in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Depression in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

Relationship between chronic diseases and depression: the mediating effect of pain

Does Having a Chronic Liver Illness Make One More Likely to Become Melancholic and Anxious?

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