Frequency and risk factors of simple obesity in children with bronchial asthma

Abstract

Currently, it has been established that obesity in children with bronchial asthma leads to a more severe course of the disease, a worse quality of life, and a reduced response to treatment.Purpose. To study the incidence and risk factors of simple obesity in children with bronchial asthma. The aim of the study was to study the incidence and risk factors of simple obesity in children with bronchial asthma.Material and methods. The study included 484 patients aged 7 to 14 years: the main group consisted of 237 patients with atopic bronchial asthma, the comparison group consisted of 247 children without a diagnosis of bronchial asthma.Results. Patients of the main group were obese more often (18.9%) than children of the comparison group (11.3%, p=0.019). During 5 years of bronchial asthma disease, a tendency (p=0.087) was revealed to increase the SDS body mass index indicator in the dynamics of the disease (from 0.32 to 0.45) and the number of patients with III and IV degrees of obesity (from 10.5% to 42.8%, p=0.025). In children of the main group with normal SDS body mass index before the diagnosis of bronchial asthma 5 years after the onset of the disease, in 8.5% of cases there was obesity (p<0.001) and in 23.9% — excess body weight (p<0.001), in children with initial excess body weight, obesity was diagnosed in 28.6% of cases (p=0.048), and among children who were obese at the time of bronchial asthma, 26.3% had an increase in its severity (p=0.023). In patients with bronchial asthma and obesity, according to the bioimpedance analysis findings, a pronounced imbalance between energy intake and its consumption was revealed, and according to the nutrition assessment data — an unbalanced diet, a violation of the diet and a sedentary lifestyle.Conclusion. Simple obesity occurs in 18.9% of school-age children with atopic bronchial asthma, and over the course of 5 years of the disease, the number of patients with obesity increases and its severity progresses. Therefore training of patients and their parents, correction of nutrition and increasing the volume of physical activity are an important component of treatment.