Frequency and predictors of depression in congestive heart failure

Abstract

BackgroundDepression in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients can increase morbidity and mortality. Given the ever-rising prevalence of CHF patients with depression, it is vital that we understand the predictors of depression in these patients to identify and better manage these patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency and predictors of depression in CHF patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Patients with a diagnosis of CHF for more than 6 months based on signs and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% were included. Patients were interviewed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) consisting of nine items in line with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) - IV criteria to assess depression. Each item was scored from 0 to 3, and a PHQ-9 score of 10 or greater suggested clinical depression. Data were analyzed on SPSS, v22, and a p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOf 170 participants, 102 (60%) had depression. Among these 102 patients, 42% (n = 43) had mild depression, and the rest (n = 59) had moderate-to-severe depression. Predictors of depression were New York Heart Association stage 3 or 4 (p = 0.001), previous myocardial infarction (p = 0.001), living without a partner (p = 0.001), lack of a joint family system (p = 0.001), sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.001), aged 70 years or more (p = 0.01), and having been admitted in a hospital at least once in the past two months (p = 0.002).ConclusionDepression is common among patients with CHF. It is associated with multiple factors and needs to be addressed and targeted urgently.

The Prevalence of depression in outpatients attending a chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction clinic in a tertiary academic centre in Johannesburg, South Africa

“…The higher prevalence of depression in our patients is likely influenced by educational and socioeconomic factors that are unique to populations in middle income countries. This hypothesis is supported by a study conducted in Pakistan, where the prevalence of depression in 170 patients with CHF was found to be 60% [8].…”

The prevalence of depression, stress and anxiety symptoms in patients with chronic heart failure&nbsp;

“…The higher prevalence of symptoms of depression in our patients is likely in uenced by socioeconomic factors unique to populations in LMIC. This hypothesis is supported by a study conducted in Pakistan, where the prevalence of depression in 170 patients with CHF was found to be 60% [13].…”

Depression and Its Related Factors in Indonesian Congestive Heart Failure Patients Population

“…The majority of patients with heart disease were elderly and felt that they had done tasks for their children and their families, so they do not have that burden associated with it, the opposite occurred in patients with heart disease at a younger age, they thought they still have a duty to be fulfilled, this can worsen their psychosocial conditions [14]. However, these results differ from studies conducted in Pakistan which showed that age was not related to BDI (depression) scores [8] and research conducted by Zahid et al (2018), which stated that age over 70 years was one predictor of depression [13].…”

“…The cause of the high proportion of depression in this study is uncertain. However, this might be possible as a result of other factors not analyzed in this study, including the high level of NYHA classification, poor lifestyle [13], a higher symptom burden and low social support [7].…”