Frequency and pattern reconfigurable saline-water antenna array

Fan, Ren-Gui; Qian, Yingjing; Chu, Qing‐Xin

doi:10.1002/mop.30723

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…They are suitable for a DRA or a hybrid antenna formed by a metal antenna loaded with the liquid (mainly to increase the bandwidth and reduce the antenna size), In addition to the flexibility and reconfigurability, they offer other benefits which metallic liquid antennas do not have, such as: a) cost-effective, eco-friendly and readily accessible (hence the myriad of antennas in this category); b) compact size because the antenna size could be reduced by a factor of √ ; c) a small radar cross section (RCS) if the liquid is drained when not in operation; d) transparency -this is attractive for the application that the antenna should be invisible or not obvious. Two types of water-based liquid antennas have been investigated: saline water antennas [12,14,[50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and pure water antennas [15][16][17][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] which are discussed in the coming two sub-sections.…”

Section: Water-based Liquid Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has certainly inspired a lot of interesting research in water-based antennas. Major progresses were made in bandwidth enhancement [50,51], reconfigurability exploration [52][53][54][55][56] and radiation efficiency improvement [14,[57][58][59]. A common concern on saline water antennas is the low efficiency which is resulted from the liquid loss tangent or conductivity.…”

Section: A Saline Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Huang

Xing

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The liquid antenna, as a new member of the antenna family, has drawn significant and increasing attention from both academia and industry due to its unique features. In this paper, a comprehensive review on this technology is presented which covers both metallic and non-metallic liquid antennas. Non-metallic liquid antennas are further divided into water-based and non-water-based liquid antennas. We first review and compare different liquid antennas and highlight the major developments in the past. Detailed discussions on state-of-the-art designs and current technical challenges are then presented, and finally the ways forward for the future are suggested. As a special feature, an in-depth review and discussion on materials for liquid antennas are provided which was not well covered in the literature in the past, important properties of selected materials are given in three comparison tables which can serve as antenna material selection references. It is shown that Galinstan is probably the best choice for metallic liquid antennas while ionic liquid materials are the preferred choice for dielectric liquid antennas. The challenges of making the liquid antenna for real-world applications are identified and discussed. It is believed that a liquid antenna implemented in radio systems is probably just around the corner.

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Section: Water-based Liquid Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Saline Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Huang

Xing

Song

et al. 2021

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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show abstract

“…An illustration of such antenna is shown in Figure 4b. In another variation of a Yagi antenna presented in Reference [57], a central saline water monopole is surrounded by four parasitic water filled cylinders that can act as reflectors or directors depending on the amount of liquid inside. In Reference [58], a circular monopole antenna was surrounded by three sets of seven resin-based reflectors that can be filled with water to steer the beam into three distinct directions.…”

Section: Antenna Geometry Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid dielectric based antennas of various geometries. (a)[54,55], (b)[56][57][58][59][60][61], (c)[53], (d)[62], (e)[63].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Reconfigurable Liquid Dielectric Antennas

Motovilova

Huang

2020

Materials

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The advancements in wireless communication impose a growing range of demands on the antennas performance, requiring multiple functionalities to be present in a single device. To satisfy these different application needs within a limited space, reconfigurable antennas are often used which are able to switch between a number of states, providing multiple functions using a single antenna. Electronic switching components, such as PIN diodes, radio-frequency micromechanical systems (RF-MEMS), and varactors, are typically used to achieve antenna reconfiguration. However, some of these approaches have certain limitations, such as narrow bandwidth, complex biasing circuitry, and high activation voltages. In recent years, an alternative approach using liquid dielectric materials for antenna reconfiguration has drawn significant attention. The intrinsic conformability of liquid dielectric materials allows us to realize antennas with desired reconfigurations with different physical constraints while maintaining high radiation efficiency. The purpose of this review is to summarize different approaches proposed in the literature for the liquid dielectric reconfigurable antennas. It facilitates the understanding of the advantages and limitations of this technology, and it helps to draw general design principals for the development of reconfigurable antennas in this category.

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“…In Ref. , a saline‐water monopole Yagi‐Uda array was presented to achieve the property of reconfigurability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and design of sea-water monopole Yagi-Uda antenna with pattern reconfigurability

Wang

et al. 2018

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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In this article, a theoretical study of sea‐water monopole Yagi‐Uda antenna is presented. Unlike the conventional metal one, sea‐water monopole is here treated as imperfect conductor. Based on this precondition, a methodology for analyzing sea‐water monopole Yagi‐Uda antenna is proposed by employing the 3‐term theory and voltage‐current relation. As such, both its input impedance and radiation pattern can be theoretically predicted. Commercial software packages ANSYS HFSS and CST Microwave Studio are used to verify the proposed methodology. Finally, a prototype is designed, fabricated, and tested. Due to the liquidity of sea water, the parasitic element can work as a director or reflector by altering its height to achieve pattern reconfigurability. Measured results show reasonably good agreement with the simulated and theoretical ones.

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Frequency and pattern reconfigurable saline-water antenna array

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

Liquid Antennas: Past, Present and Future

A Review on Reconfigurable Liquid Dielectric Antennas

Analysis and design of sea-water monopole Yagi-Uda antenna with pattern reconfigurability

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