Frequency and features of nocturnal enuresis in Pakistani children aged 5 to 16 years based on ICCS criteria: a multi-center cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan

Shah, Sameena; Jafri, Rabab; Mobin, Khalil; Mirza, Rabeea; Nanji, Kashmira; Jahangir, Fatima; Patel, Sufian Jawed; Ejaz, Muzamil Shabana; Qaiser, Iman; Iftikhar, Hira; Aziz, Komal; Khan, Wajiha; Maqbool, Humza S.; Ahmed, Hassaan

doi:10.1186/s12875-018-0876-5

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There are many possible causes of nocturnal enuresis including anxiety, hyperactivity disorder, a gene located on chromosome 12q, overactive bladder, urinary tract infection, antidiuretic hormone deficiency, diabetes, small bladder, constipation etc. 14 The data also suggest that the annual spontaneous resolution rate is approximately 15 to 16%. [15][16] Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem which causes psychological trauma to the child as well as to the family which can result in social avoidance, feeling of guilt and shame, loss of self-esteem and can result in overall psychological development of the child.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and determinants of nocturnal enuresis in school going children in Southern Maharashtra, India

Nakate¹,

Vaidya

Gaikwad³

et al. 2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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Background: Nocturnal enuresis or bedwetting is a common health problem in children in the age group of 5 to 15 years. In India the prevalence of nocturnal enuresis ranges from approximately 7% to 12.6%. The prevalence from other parts of the world ranges from 6% to 42%. This study was planned to find the prevalence and determinants of nocturnal enuresis in school going children.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four primary and secondary schools in Solapur. A predefined questionnaire, prepared in English and translated to local languages, Marathi and Kannada, was handed over to all the children attending the selected schools. Children were asked to hand over the questionnaire to their parents and return with the filled questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared to obtain the information related to the socio-demographic factors of the family and child, frequency of enuresis and information related the risk factors. Nocturnal enuresis was defined if the frequency of enuresis was more than twice per week.Results: The overall prevalence of nocturnal enuresis was 11.4 %. The maximum prevalence was found in the age group of 8 -9 years (22.96 %). The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis in boys (14.34 %) was significantly more than the prevalence in girls (8.31 %). The study showed that nocturnal enuresis was significantly associated with stress, poor school performance, sleep pattern (hard to awaken), family history, burning micturition etc. But it was not associated with maternal or paternal education, birth order, type of family.Conclusions: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis is 11.40 % in school going children and it is associated with age, sex, stress, family history, burning micturition, hyperactive child, poor school performance, sleep pattern (hard to awake) avoidance of going to micturate before sleep etc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Prevalence and determinants of nocturnal enuresis in school going children in Southern Maharashtra, India

Nakate¹,

Vaidya

Gaikwad³

et al. 2019

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…Also, NE brings greater economic burden and mental pressure to families. However, most parents have a casual attitude towards this condition, and lack awareness of medical treatment, which ultimately causes delay in treatment [18] . Fortunately, economic development and cultural improvement are promoting increased attention to NE among parents and medical professionals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of nocturnal enuresis among children ages 5–12 years in Xi’an, China: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) has a negative impact on children's health and imposes a long-term burden on families. With economic development and cultural improvements, parents and medical professionals pay more attention to NE. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of NE among children ages 5-12 years in Xi'an, China. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional study of NE in 10 kindergartens and 20 primary schools in Xi'an. We used univariate analysis to compare the prevalences of characteristics such as gender, duration of disposable diaper (DD) use, toilet training onset time, daily living habits, academic performance, and family history of NE. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratio and to determine risk factors of NE. Results: The study included 6568 children ages 5-12 years, of which 262 (3.99%) had NE. The prevalence rates of NE decreased with age, with the highest prevalence at age 5 (9.09% for boys; 6.03% for girls). However, the prevalence increased with duration of DD use. Children experienced more NE if they never accepted toilet training (7.83%) or if they drank sugary beverages during the day (5.36%). Sleep disorders, sweets intake, drinking low amounts of plain water during the day, and family history of NE, were statistically associated with NE. Conclusion: NE was closely associated with a family history of NE, being male, long-term use of DD, delayed toilet training, drinking sugary beverages and/or consuming little plain water, and sleep disorders. A supportive parental attitude towards NE and timely medical treatment can improve the quality of life of enuretic children.

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“…There is no consensus on the prevalence of enuresis as it varies according to the methodology, precise definition used, age group, sex, and population. Indeed, Wang et al [ 2 ] reported a prevalence of 7.3% of primary nocturnal enuresis in Mainland China while 43% of Pakistani children suffered from NE according to Shah et al [ 3 ]. Butler et al, who evaluated the prevalence of enuresis among children aged 7.5 years, reported that 15.5% of them were bedwetters [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boxer Underwear Incorporating Textile Moisture Sensor to Prevent Nocturnal Enuresis

Gaubert

Gidik

Končar

2020

Sensors

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Around 15% of children still wet their bed after five years old. Although bedwetting alarms have proven to be effective to achieve nighttime dryness, they are cumbersome so children could be reluctant to use them. Therefore, the moisture sensor and wire were made unobtrusive by seamlessly integrated them into fully textile underwear by using conductive yarns. Consequently, the alarm acceptability should be enhanced by improving children’s comfort. Three conductive textile metallic yarns, made of silver or stainless steel, were considered to fabricate the urine leakage sensor. Silver-plated-nylon yarn, which showed the highest electrical conductivity, outperformed the stainless-steel yarns regarding its ability to detect urine leakage as well as its detection speed. Furthermore, it was proven to withstand multiple urine soakings and the following machine-washings, even at high temperature (60 °C). However, the electrical current, necessary to detect the leakage, tends to corrode the silver. Therefore, the detection circuit was adapted. Eventually, the designed leakage sensor was seamlessly integrated into a child’s trunk underwear, into which a miniaturized alarm can be plugged. The resulting textile underwear aims at replacing the rigid alarm system currently available, hence improving the quality of life of enuretic children and help them achieving nighttime dryness.

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Frequency and features of nocturnal enuresis in Pakistani children aged 5 to 16 years based on ICCS criteria: a multi-center cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and determinants of nocturnal enuresis in school going children in Southern Maharashtra, India

Prevalence and determinants of nocturnal enuresis in school going children in Southern Maharashtra, India

Prevalence and risk factors of nocturnal enuresis among children ages 5–12 years in Xi’an, China: a cross-sectional study

Boxer Underwear Incorporating Textile Moisture Sensor to Prevent Nocturnal Enuresis

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