Frequency Actuated Load Shedding and Restoration Part I - Philosophy

Maliszewski, Raymond M.; Dunlop, R.D.; Wilson, Gerald L.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1971.293129

Cited by 84 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…However, until the late 1970s, load has been something to follow by all means, and if absolutely necessary to shed and restore [5], [8]. It was not until the 1970s when critics argued that, at some large extent, it would be more cost effective to reduce the demand for electricity rather than to expand the generation capacity [9].…”

Section: B Multi-area Interconnected Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for demand response systems

Lampropoulos

Kling

Bosch

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting

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The topic of demand side management is currently becoming more important than ever, in parallel with the further deregulation of the electricity sector, and the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. A historical review of automation integration in power system control assists in identifying established operational rules of contemporary systems, which subsequently evoke fundamental requirements for demand response applications. The scope of this paper is to provide a set of infrastructural, architectural and operational criteria for demand response systems, to support the process of establishing standards and procedures. An effort is made to address the views of system and market operators, deregulated utilities, ancillary service providers and customers.Index Terms-Load management, power demand, power system control, supply and demand.

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Section: B Multi-area Interconnected Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for demand response systems

Lampropoulos

Kling

Bosch

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE Power &Amp; Energy Society General Meeting

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“…By adding swing equations, one obtains the following expression for the total load generation imbalance: (2) where and (3) are the frequency of the equivalent inertial center, , and constant , which can be calculated in advance, respectively. Note that if all machines have the same frequencies , then .…”

Section: Adaptive Ufls-auflsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every power system has its own UFLS plan, which is coordinated with the plans of neighboring power systems. Many publications on utility implementation of UFLS are presented in the literature over the past [2]- [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Underfrequency Load Shedding Based on the Magnitude of the Disturbance Estimation

Terzija

2006

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

363

114

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In this paper, a new approach to adaptive underfrequency load shedding (UFLS), a procedure for protecting electric power systems from dynamic instability and frequency collapse, is presented. It consists of two main stages. In the first stage, the frequency and the rate of frequency change are estimated by the nonrecursive Newton-type algorithm. By using the simplest expression of the generator swing equation, in the second algorithm stage, the magnitude of the disturbance is determined. The UFLS plan is adapted to the magnitude estimated, obtaining in this way a more efficient system operation during emergency conditions. Results of procedure testing are demonstrated through the dynamic simulations by using: 1) a simple three-machine test system and 2) a ten-machine New England system.

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“…For example, automatic frequency actuated load shedding "requires a good knowledge of the characteristics of the system" (Maliszewski et al, 1970(Maliszewski et al, , page 1452, and the inverse process of restoration must take into account all other interconnections with surrounding systems. As load increases (at level N-4 in the physical system, actuated by individual decisions at level TV-3 in the human-management system, figure 1), frequencies may decline from the 60 Hz (50 Hz in the UK) of normal and designed operation, and if spinning reserve cannot make up the extra demand, loads are automatically shed.…”

Section: N+mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical power failure: reflections on compatible descriptions of human and physical systems

Gould

1981

Environ. Plann. B

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Relations between highly complex human and physical systems are of increasing concern today. Many of these are exemplified by problems associated with the failure of electrical power transmission systems which are not being solved within the current paradigm. Traditional mathematical forms are unable to express the hierarchical relations characterizing the physical and human systems. It is suggested that ^-analysis provides a natural and unconstrained language for describing both the technical and the management structures, and that many traditional problems are easily translated into more appropriate statements rooted in real data sets.

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Frequency Actuated Load Shedding and Restoration Part I - Philosophy

Cited by 84 publications

References 1 publication

Criteria for demand response systems

Criteria for demand response systems

Adaptive Underfrequency Load Shedding Based on the Magnitude of the Disturbance Estimation

Electrical power failure: reflections on compatible descriptions of human and physical systems

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