Freezing of gait in early Parkinson's disease: Nigral iron content estimated from magnetic resonance imaging

Wieler, Marguerite; Gee, Myrlene; Camicioli, Richard; Martin, W. R. Wayne

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.008

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, susceptibilityweighted imaging at 7T permitted the visualization of the anatomical layers of the SN, allowing excellent discrimination between PD and controls (sensitivity 100%, specificity 96.2%) (50). Correlations between motor symptoms and increased R2 * (apparent transverse relaxation rate, R2 * =1/T2 * ) values in the SN have also been reported in PD (46,(51)(52)(53), which may reflect ferritin-induced magnetic field inhomogeneities. A recent study applied quantitative susceptibility mapping in PD to evaluate the magnetostatic alterations caused by changes in the iron distribution across the whole brain (54).…”

Section: Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Pdmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

2020

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Section: Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Pdmentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

2020

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“…These changes also align with longitudinal reports of increased R2* relaxation rates of SN in PD (~10.2% in pars compacta; 8.1% in pars reticula over a three-year period) [24], which can result from ferritin-induced field inhomogeneities and are shown to correlate with worsening motor symptoms. In a recent 36-month longitudinal study, a greater change in R2* relaxation rates in SNpc was found among patients destined to develop freezing of gait early in PD [25]. This study, however, was limited by a small sample size ( n = 19), requiring validation in a larger cohort.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Parkinsonian Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swallow tail sign2. Loss of nigrosome-1↓ in frontal lobe, hippocampus, anterior cingulate and superior temporal gyri, and olfactory bulb and tract volumes vs. HC [12, 13, 17]↓ in orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, prefrontal and occipitoparietal cortex vs. HC [15]○ or ↓ in caudate, putamen and brainstem volumes vs. HC [14–16]↑ R2* transverse relaxation rate in SN vs. HC [19, 25]DTI may be normal in early-PD vs. HC [73]. ↓ FA in SN and anterior olfactory structures; and ↑ D̄ in olfactory bulb and tracts vs. HC [69–72].…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Parkinsonian Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonian syndromes: current and emerging concepts

Saeed

Compagnone

Aviv

et al. 2017

Transl Neurodegener

183

154

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Two centuries ago in 1817, James Parkinson provided the first medical description of Parkinson’s disease, later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants (also termed, Parkinson-plus syndromes). Today, Parkinson’s disease represents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 million. Conversely, atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with Parkinson’s disease, but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological diseases. Decades of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders, including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker identification. Multimodal imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important, as it allows a ‘window’ into the underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. In this article, we first present an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of, 1) synucleinopathies: Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders, as well as multiple system atrophy, and 2) tauopathies: progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. A comprehensive presentation of well-established and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then discussed. Biomarkers for the following imaging modalities are reviewed: 1) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using T1, T2, and susceptibility-weighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses, as well as MRI derived visual signatures, 2) diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity, 3) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites, 4) single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity (as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors), and cerebral perfusion, 5) positron emission tomography for gauging nigrostriatal functions, glucose metabolism, amyloid and tau molecular imaging, as well as neuroinflammation, 6) myocardial scintigraphy for dysautonomia, and 7) transcranial sonography for measuring substantia nigra and lentiform nucleus echogenicity. Imaging biomarkers, using the ‘multimodal approach’, may aid in making early, accurate and objective diagnostic decisions, highlight neuroanatomical and pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as assist in evaluating disease progression and therapeutic responses to drugs in clinical trials.

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“…has been reported to be particularly higher in patients with freezing of gait in both cross-sectional [49] and longitudinal samples [55]. Taken together, as an epiphenomenon of the underpinning neuropathological process, iron accumulation seems to be a good candidate to follow disease progression in PD.…”

Section: Iron-contentmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Iron-sensitive MRI sequences including SWI, 3D FLAIR, T2*, R2 and R2* relaxation, as well as quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) or adiabatic T1rho have been increasingly applied to study iron-content and -metabolism in PD [48]. Overall, QSM has been suggested to be more sensitive than R2* to detect deep cerebral nuclei iron quantity [48,49] [55], and QSM [48,56]. Iron load, especially in the caudal region of the SN (R2*)…”

Section: Iron-contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease: Erratum

2018

Current Opinion in Neurology

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Purpose of review: Neuroimaging in Parkinson´s disease is an evolving field, providing in-vivo insights into the structural and biochemical changes of the condition, although its diagnosis remains clinical. Here, we aim to summarize the most relevant recent advances in neuroimaging in Parkinson's disease to assess the underlying disease process, identify a biomarker of disease progression, and guide or monitor therapeutic interventions. Recent findings: The clinical applications of imaging technology increasingly allow to quantify pigments (iron, neuromelanin) on MR imaging, proteins (tau), cell markers (phosphodiesterase, microglia) and neurotransmitter receptors (dopamine, serotonin, noradrenalin, cholin) via PET protocols, activity maps by restingstate and task-dependent functional MRI, as well as microstructural changes (free water) through diffusionbased assessments. Their application provides increasing insight on the temporal and spatial dynamics of dopaminergic and other neurotransmitter systems as well as anatomical structures and circuits in PD. An expanding list of PET tracers increases the yield of functional studies. Summary: This review summarizes the most recent, relevant advances in neuroimaging technology in PD. In particular the combination of different imaging techniques seems promising to maximise the scope of future work, which should, among others, aim at identifying the best imaging marker of disease progression.

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Freezing of gait in early Parkinson's disease: Nigral iron content estimated from magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonian syndromes: current and emerging concepts

Neuroimaging advances in Parkinson's disease: Erratum

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