Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Saeed, Usman; Lang, Anthony E.; Masellis, Mario

doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.572976

Cited by 89 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 336 publications

(639 reference statements)

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“…The structural magnetic resonance imaging remained the key technique for differentiating neurodegenerative and symptomatic parkinsonism due to viral encephalitis, brain cancers, normal pressure hydrocephalus, and vascular diseases [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggestive of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), which is generally considered a tautopathy, has been reported, i.e., midbrain atrophy with enlargement of the third ventricle, reduced antero-posterior midbrain diameter and tegmental atrophy, signal increase in the midbrain and inferior olives, and atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobe [ 12 ]. In recent times, innovative benchmarks have been introduced to prospectively assess sensitivity and specificity of MRI measurements of the midbrain, pons, middle cerebellar peduncles (MCPs), and superior cerebellar peduncles (SCPs) and for differentiating PSP from PD and the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-P), which are generally considered alpha-synucleinopathies [ 4 ]. SCP width and midbrain area in persons with PSP were statistically significant compared to subjects with Parkinson disease, subjects with MSA-P, and healthy subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little literature has deepened the role of structural MRI in persons with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) (another tautopathy). The data show cortical atrophy—particularly in frontoparietal areas—appearing asymmetric, putaminal hypointensity, and hyperintense signal modifications in the motor cortex or subcortical white matter on T2-weighted images [ 4 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroimaging could help to bridge the gap by providing in vivo evidence of the extension of these disorders. These exams include the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 3 ], positron emission tomography (PET) [ 4 ], and the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging techniques [ 5 ]. In the last decade, we observed an overabundance of reports regarding the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques, even for capturing PD with MCI (mild cognitive impairment) [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging the Functional Neuroanatomy of Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Applications and Future Directions

Lauretani

Longobucco

Ravazzoni

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease and its progression has been investigated during the last few decades. Braak et al. proposed neuropathological stages of this disease based on the recognizable topographical extent of Lewy body lesions. This pathological process involves specific brain areas with an ascending course from the brain stem to the cortex. Post-mortem studies are of importance to better understand not only the progression of motor symptoms, but also the involvement of other domains, including cognition and behavior. The correlation between the neuropathological expansion of the disease and the clinical phases remains demanding. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), could help to bridge this existing gap by providing in vivo evidence of the extension of the disorders. In the last decade, we observed an overabundance of reports regarding the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques. All these studies were aimed at improving the accuracy of Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and discriminating it from other causes of parkinsonism. In this review, we look at the recent literature concerning PD and address the new frontier of diagnostic accuracy in terms of identification of early stages of the disease and conventional neuroimaging techniques that, in vivo, are capable of photographing the basal ganglia network and its cerebral connections.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging the Functional Neuroanatomy of Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Applications and Future Directions

Lauretani

Longobucco

Ravazzoni

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…More recently, combinations with new techniques have been established to investigate, in distinct areas and pathways of the brain, the various molecules and processes, i.e., the molecular imaging of Aβ, tau and α-synuclein, as well as neuroinflammation. This integrative “multimodal approach” was found to be superior to single modality-based methods, with expected future advancements in the field [ 54 ]. Other innovative combinations of imaging biomarkers, revealed by MRI and PET, have been employed to investigate subtypes of AD.…”

Section: Imaging Biomarkers From Ad and Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

News about the Role of Fluid and Imaging Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Meldolesi

2021

Biomedicines

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Biomarkers are molecules that are variable in their origin, nature, and mechanism of action; they are of great relevance in biology and also in medicine because of their specific connection with a single or several diseases. Biomarkers are of two types, which in some cases are operative with each other. Fluid biomarkers, started around 2000, are generated in fluid from specific proteins/peptides and miRNAs accumulated within two extracellular fluids, either the central spinal fluid or blood plasma. The switch of these proteins/peptides and miRNAs, from free to segregated within extracellular vesicles, has induced certain advantages including higher levels within fluids and lower operative expenses. Imaging biomarkers, started around 2004, are identified in vivo upon their binding by radiolabeled molecules subsequently revealed in the brain by positron emission tomography and/or other imaging techniques. A positive point for the latter approach is the quantitation of results, but expenses are much higher. At present, both types of biomarker are being extensively employed to study Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, investigated from the presymptomatic to mature stages. In conclusion, biomarkers have revolutionized scientific and medical research and practice. Diagnosis, which is often inadequate when based on medical criteria only, has been recently improved by the multiplicity and specificity of biomarkers. Analogous results have been obtained for prognosis. In contrast, improvement of therapy has been limited or fully absent, especially for Alzheimer’s in which progress has been inadequate. An urgent need at hand is therefore the progress of a new drug trial design together with patient management in clinical practice.

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The Future of Functional Neuroimaging in Parkinsonism

Norris

Perlmutter

2023

JAMA Neurol

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Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes

Cited by 89 publications

References 336 publications

Imaging the Functional Neuroanatomy of Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Applications and Future Directions

Imaging the Functional Neuroanatomy of Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical Applications and Future Directions

News about the Role of Fluid and Imaging Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases

The Future of Functional Neuroimaging in Parkinsonism

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