Freezing‐Melting Desalination Process

Sustainable nutrient recovery from animal manure: A review of current best practice technology and the potential for freeze concentration

“…In the direct freezing, the refrigerant used to cool the solution is mixed directly with the solution and promotes highly efficient heat transfer. Other advantages include the high production rate per unit volume at a low driving force, low power consumption, absence of moving parts, and a compact and efficient unit (Rahman and Al-Khusaibi, 2014). The major drawback is the refrigerant contamination.…”

“…The three applications where the FC process has gained popularity at industrial scale are the concentration of fruit juices, purification of organic chemicals and treatment of hazardous wastes (Rahman and Al-Khusaibi, 2014). The main reasons for these successes are due to the development of more efficient high capacity processes and products of high purity or quality.…”

“…Technologically all the FC methods used in the food industry could be used for desalination purposes. The only real consideration needed is the economic analysis of the FC process for desalination since water is a low-value product compared to food (Rahman and Al-Khusaibi, 2014). To date, FC technology is mainly adopted when there are no other alternatives available for the desalination application.…”

Influence and CFD analysis of cooling air velocity on the purification of aqueous nickel sulfate solutions by freezing

“…In suspension freeze crystallization, the solution is frozen in an agitated vessel by circulating the coolant through the jacket. Below the freezing temperature of the solution, ice crystals are generated from the solution, which are then separated discuss different factors that influence ice‐scaling on the cooling surface of the freeze crystallizer. Scrapers are commonly used in the crystallizer to thwart ice scaling on the subcooled surface, which may reduce the heat transfer rate drastically.…”

State-of-the-art of R&D on seawater desalination technology

“…而且, 由于各海水淡 化技术特点的不同, 各技术以较高经济性运行时对 原 水 TDS范 围 的 要 求 也不 一 样 , 具体 范 围 如 图2所 示 [2] . 由于水蒸发所需要的能量与水的盐度无关, 因 于20 mg/L, 特殊应用场合下可低达5 mg/L以下 [3] ; (8) [4] ; (3) 产品水质量高, TDS通常低于20 mg/L [5] [4] [7] . 冷冻 4,16,17] 管.…”