Freeze-fracture analysis of phloem structure in plant tissue cultures

Sjölund, Richard D.; Shih, C. Y.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5320(83)90101-6

Cited by 73 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Both reactions are Ca 2+ -dependent and respond to an increase of Ca 2+ in the sieve-element lumen (Knoblauch et al, 2001, 2003, 2012; Furch et al, 2007, 2009; Hafke et al, 2009). Ca 2+ increase may arise from influx of cell-wall Ca 2+ via the imperfectly sealed wound inflicted by the stylet (Will and van Bel, 2006) or via Ca 2+ channels in the sieve-element plasma membrane or in the sieve-element ER-membranes (Buchen et al, 1983; Sjolund and Shih, 1983; Furch et al, 2009; Hafke et al, 2009). Ca 2+ influx further away from the site of wounding is triggered by electro-potential waves propagating along the sieve elements (Hafke et al, 2009; van Bel et al, 2014).…”

Section: Functional Aspects Of Salivary Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ca 2+ release from the sieve-element ER stacks (Buchen et al, 1983; Sjolund and Shih, 1983; Furch et al, 2009; Hafke et al, 2009) likely contributes to increased mictoplasmic Ca 2+ levels in response to aphid attack. Mastoparan treatments of staminal hairs of Setcreasea purpurea demonstrated that IP 3 -activated Ca 2+ channels appear to be relevant for Ca 2+ eﬄux from the ER compartments (Tucker and Boss, 1996), where the Ca 2+ concentration is at least 10,000 times higher (Montero et al, 1995) than in the sieve-element lumen (Furch et al, 2009).…”

Section: Functional Aspects Of Salivary Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Evaluation of Proteins in Watery and Gel Saliva of Aphids

2016

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Gel and watery saliva are regarded as key players in aphid–pIant interactions. The salivary composition seems to be influenced by the variable environment encountered by the stylet tip. Milieu sensing has been postulated to provide information needed for proper stylet navigation and for the required switches between gel and watery saliva secretion during stylet progress. Both the chemical and physical factors involved in sensing of the stylet’s environment are discussed. To investigate the salivary proteome, proteins were collected from dissected gland extracts or artificial diets in a range of studies. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of either collection method. Several proteins were identified by functional assays or by use of proteomic tools, while most of their functions still remain unknown. These studies disclosed the presence of at least two proteins carrying numerous sulfhydryl groups that may act as the structural backbone of the salivary sheath. Furthermore, cell-wall degrading proteins such a pectinases, pectin methylesterases, polygalacturonases, and cellulases as well as diverse Ca2+-binding proteins (e.g., regucalcin, ARMET proteins) were detected. Suppression of the plant defense may be a common goal of salivary proteins. Salivary proteases are likely involved in the breakdown of sieve-element proteins to invalidate plant defense or to increase the availability of organic N compounds. Salivary polyphenoloxidases, peroxidases and oxidoreductases were suggested to detoxify, e.g., plant phenols. During the last years, an increasing number of salivary proteins have been categorized under the term ‘effector’. Effectors may act in the suppression (C002 or MIF cytokine) or the induction (e.g., Mp10 or Mp 42) of plant defense, respectively. A remarkable component of watery saliva seems the protein GroEL that originates from Buchnera aphidicola, the obligate symbiont of aphids and probably reflects an excretory product that induces plant defense responses. Furthermore, chitin fragments in the saliva may trigger defense reactions (e.g., callose deposition). The functions of identified proteins and protein classes are discussed with regard to physical and chemical characteristics of apoplasmic and symplasmic plant compartments.

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Section: Functional Aspects Of Salivary Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Aspects Of Salivary Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Evaluation of Proteins in Watery and Gel Saliva of Aphids

2016

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“…Thus, sieve tubes must possess mechanisms for rapidly sealing or plugging sieve pores in response to injury (van Bel, 2006). Sieveelement sealing is mediated by a variety of substances including callose, forisomes, and plastid inclusions (King and Zeevaart, 1974;Sjolund et al, 1983;Knoblauch and van Bel, 1998;Walsh and Melarangno, 1981). Forisomes found in Vicia faba are crystalline protein bodies that plug sieve tubes by reacting with the Ca 2þ ion released by wounded cells, which leads to dispersed swelling (Knoblauch et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning of a novel calcium-binding protein in the secreted saliva of the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps

Hattori

Nakamura

Komatsu

et al. 2012

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…What remains at maturity is the plasma membrane, a thin layer of parietal cytoplasm composed of stacked ER or fenestrated ER (Thorsch and Esau 1981a,b;Sjolund and Shih 1983) and a few dilated mitochondria (Evert 1990). Phloem-specific plastids of two types, with proteinaceous (P-type plastids) or starch (S-type plastids) inclusions (Esau 1969;Behnke 1991a;van Bel and Knoblauch 2000;van Bel 2003), and SE phloem proteins (Eleftheriou 1990;Evert 1990;Cronshaw and Sabnis 1990;Behnke 1991b;Iqbal 1995) are also conspicuous in the SE.…”

Section: The Specialised Case Of Pore-plasmodesma Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to other organelles within the SE, the ER is well preserved in the form of nets or stacks (Thorsch and Esau 1981a,b;Sjolund and Shih 1983). The parietal fenestrated ER, which shares some traits with the cortical ER , has been postulated to be a structural necessity for ATP-fuelled retrieval (Sjolund and Shih 1983), and may thus be essential for sucrose uptake and retrieval by the SE (van Bel 1996).…”

Section: The Specialised Case Of Pore-plasmodesma Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum

Persson

Harper

2006

Plant Cell Monographs

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PrefaceThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the mother of all membranes. Essentially all other membranes, except those of plastids and mitochondria, are derived from it through vesicle-mediated membrane trafficking. It serves, therefore, as the port of entry into the endomembrane system for proteins destined to reach the vacuole or the cell wall. Quality control machinery in the ER lumen presides over the export competence of these proteins, and coupled to selective sorting mechanisms for their entry into export vesicles, this elevates this organelle to the most important regulator of protein movement along the secretory pathway. Moreover, its functions can be upregulated during various stages of plant development, e.g., during storage protein deposition in seed maturation, or in answer to stress, e.g., the production of pathogen-related proteins, and the so-called unfolded protein response.In addition to its function in the synthesis of luminal and integral membrane proteins, the ER is also the site of structural and storage lipids. Further important features of the ER are its role in the homeostasis of cellular calcium and -through the localisation of cytochrome P450 enzymes -in the synthesis of a number of plant hormones. These manifold activities are reflected in the great plasticity of the ER as a structure, with over a dozen specialized domains recognized for this organelle.To my knowledge, a book devoted to the ER in plants has never been published; indeed, I am not aware of a similar book on this organelle existing for the animal field. There have been a couple of excellent reviews on the ER of plant cells (one by Vitale and Denecke in The Plant Cell and one by Staehelin in The Plant Journal), but these lie several years back and were, of necessity, somewhat limited in scope. Therefore, I think it is both timely and appropriate to put the spotlight onto the ER as a whole, especially since GFP technology has provided news ways of looking at the dynamics of this membrane, and its relationship to other organelles, especially the Golgi apparatus and peroxisomes.

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Freeze-fracture analysis of phloem structure in plant tissue cultures

Cited by 73 publications

References 17 publications

Functional Evaluation of Proteins in Watery and Gel Saliva of Aphids

Functional Evaluation of Proteins in Watery and Gel Saliva of Aphids

Molecular cloning of a novel calcium-binding protein in the secreted saliva of the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps

The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum

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