Free Thyroxine Levels are Associated with Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Healthy Euthyroid Individuals

Maushart, Claudia Irene; Senn, Jaël Rut; Loeliger, Rahel Catherina; Kraenzlin, Marius E.; Müller, Julian; Becker, Anton S.; Baláž, Miroslav; Wolfrum, Christian; Burger, Irene A.; Betz, Matthias Johannes

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.666595

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In a recent study by Maushart et al, BAT activity assessed by 18F-FDG uptake in PET-CT after cold exposure was related to levels of free T4 (fT4). It was shown that cold-induced thermogenesis was approximately fourfold higher in subjects in the highest tertile of fT4 when compared to the lowest tertile of fT4 [36].…”

Section: Thermogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Obesity and Thyroid Axis

Walczak

Siemińśka

2021

IJERPH

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Development of obesity is primarily the result of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones influence energy expenditure by regulating cellular respiration and thermogenesis and by determining resting metabolic rate. Triiodothyronine influences lipid turnover in adipocytes and impacts appetite regulation through the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone may also influence thermogenesis, suppress appetite and regulate lipid storage through lipolysis and lipogenesis control. Subclinical hypothyroidism may induce changes in basal metabolic rate with subsequent increase in BMI, but obesity can also affect thyroid function via several mechanisms such as lipotoxicity and changes in adipokines and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The present study investigated the complex and mutual relationships between the thyroid axis and adiposity.

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Section: Thermogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

Obesity and Thyroid Axis

Walczak

Siemińśka

2021

IJERPH

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“…Higher serum T3 levels were found in cold-induced 18 FDG BAT–positive individuals in one study ( 406 ) and with lower BAT fat fraction on MRI in another ( 408 ). A positive association between serum free T4 levels and cold-induced BAT glucose uptake was found in 24 euthyroid and healthy participants ( 409 ). However, another large cross-sectional study did not find any association between serum thyroid hormone levels and cold-induced BAT glucose uptake in 106 healthy individuals ( 407 ).…”

Section: Regulation Of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brown Adipose Tissue—A Translational Perspective

et al. 2022

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose ( 18FDG), which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride (TG) lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body’s thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in white adipose and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.

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“…In a study by Law et al, where 2 groups of young women were compared—1 group with autoimmune primary hypothyroidism and a control group—it was demonstrated that patients exhibited differences in temperature in a resting state as well as in a cold-induced thermogenesis state [ 26 ]. Another study in healthy euthyroid patients indicated a correlation between cold-induced thermogenesis control and FT4 levels, suggesting that variations in thyroid hormone levels within the euthyroid range are related to the capability to adapt to cool temperatures and affect energy balance [ 27 ]. These findings imply that, even with controlled hypothyroidism, thermoregulation alterations may occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Differences Between Controlled Primary Hypothyroidism and Healthy Patients: An Exploratory Study

Romero-Ibarguengoitia,

Garza-Silva,

Rivera-Cavazos

et al. 2024

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Introduction Hypothyroidism is conventionally treated with replacement therapy through Levothyroxine (LT4). Despite the improvement in symptoms, cold intolerance persists in some patients. The present study aims to determine whether there is a difference in temperature perception and skin temperature between patients with primary controlled hypothyroidism (PCH) and a group of healthy controls matched for body mass index (BMI) and age. Secondary we aimed to determine difference in quality of life. Methodology Skin temperature measurements were performed in both groups, both in the central and peripheral regions of the body. In addition, they were asked about their perception of temperature in a temperature-controlled room; anthropometric measurements were taken, their quality of life was assessed using the ThyPRO-39, and a thyroid hormone profile was performed. Results Eleven patients in the PCH group and 30 patients in the control group were studied. It was found that the group with PCH presented a significantly lower palmar temperature than the control group [mean (SD) of 32.05 (1.79) vs. 33.10 (1.30) oC, p = 0.046]. Mediatio model showed a direct efect. Concerning temperature perception, this was equal between groups. The median (IQR) of ThyPRO was 8 (5.2) points in the control group vs. 21.8 (13.5), in the group of controlled hypothyroidism, p < 0.001. Discussion These results suggest that despite LT4 treatment, patients continue to present abnormalities in thermogenesis-related thermogenesis, and this may be due to a lack of hormonal adaptation to environmental changes and physiological demands, leading to lower body temperatures and increased sensitivity to cold.

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Free Thyroxine Levels are Associated with Cold Induced Thermogenesis in Healthy Euthyroid Individuals

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Obesity and Thyroid Axis

Obesity and Thyroid Axis

Brown Adipose Tissue—A Translational Perspective

Temperature Differences Between Controlled Primary Hypothyroidism and Healthy Patients: An Exploratory Study

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