In this paper a parallel optoelectronic computer architecture is proposed for expert systems in order to achieve high speed and high performance for parallel processing of rule-based systems. The proposed system is modeled and implemented using a two-dimensional space optics symbolic correlator to perform the comparison operations of the expert system. Also in this paper, an optoelectronic system for a parallel inference engine is presented. The proposed optical inference engine is able to perform 3D processing for inferring conclusions to queries by representing knowledge (facts and rules) in 2D space using a matrix-like formulation. The proposed structure of the inference machine is based on ruledriven and query-driven control flows using mapped-template logic. A hardware realization for these systems based on commercially available components is discussed. The performance analysis of the proposed system shows its remarkably improved performance compared with electronic systems.