Free-range layer chickens as a source of Campylobacter bacteriophage

Loc-Carrillo, Catherine; Connerton, Phillippa L.; Pearson, T.H.; Connerton, Ian F.

doi:10.1007/s10482-007-9156-4

Cited by 44 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These bacteriophages have a contractile tail (6,7,13,42) and are readily isolated from poultry intestines and fecal contents (3,9,28). Although phages as antimicrobial agents against Campylobacter in various chicken models give promising results, phage-resistant bacteria do arise as a cause of this treatment (2,6,10,12,29,53).…”

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Bacteriophage F336 Recognizes the Capsular Phosphoramidate Modification of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

et al. 2011

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Bacteriophages infecting the food-borne human pathogen Campylobacter jejuni could potentially be exploited to reduce bacterial counts in poultry prior to slaughter. This bacterium colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry in high numbers, and contaminated poultry meat is regarded as the major source of human campylobacteriosis. In this study, we used phage F336 belonging to the Myoviridae family to select a C. jejuni NCTC11168 phage-resistant strain, called 11168R, with the aim of investigating the mechanisms of phage resistance. We found that phage F336 has reduced adsorption to 11168R, thus indicating that the receptor is altered. While proteinase K-treated C. jejuni cells did not affect adsorption, periodate treatment resulted in reduced adsorption, suggesting that the phage binds to a carbohydrate moiety. Using high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we found that 11168R lacks an O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) moiety attached to the GalfNAc on the capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which was further confirmed by mass spectroscopy. Sequence analysis of 11168R showed that the potentially hypervariable gene cj1421, which encodes the GalfNAc MeOPN transferase, contains a tract of 10 Gs, resulting in a nonfunctional gene product. However, when 11168R reverted back to phage sensitive, cj1421 contained 9 Gs, and the GalfNAc MeOPN was regained in this strain. In summary, we have identified the phase-variable MeOPN moiety, a common component of the diverse capsular polysaccharides of C. jejuni, as a novel receptor of phages infecting this bacterium.

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Bacteriophage F336 Recognizes the Capsular Phosphoramidate Modification of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

et al. 2011

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“…Progress in genome analysis of Campylobacter phages has so far been hampered by the recalcitrant chemical nature of the DNA of Campylobacter phages, particularly those of group III (6,30,40). We tested the susceptibility of CP81 DNA to a wide range of restriction enzymes (see Table S1 in the supplemental material).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…These two phages share a DNA sequence identity of 96% and some protein matches with T4-type phages. Group III Campylobacter phages have been isolated in the United Kingdom, Denmark, and South Korea (22,26,30). Perhaps due to chemical modification of bases in the phage DNA (4, 11), Campylobacter phage genomes are highly refractory to genomic analysis.…”

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Campylobacter jejuni Group III Phage CP81 Contains Many T4-Like Genes without Belonging to the T4-Type Phage Group: Implications for the Evolution of T4 Phages

Hammerl¹,

Jäckel²,

Reetz³

et al. 2011

J Virol

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CP81 is a virulent Campylobacter group III phage whose linear genome comprises 132,454 bp. At the nucleotide level, CP81 differs from other phages. However, a number of its structural and replication/recombination proteins revealed a relationship to the group II Campylobacter phages CP220/CPt10 and to T4-type phages. Unlike the T4-related phages, the CP81 genome does not contain conserved replication and virion modules. Instead, the respective genes are scattered throughout the phage genome. Moreover, most genes for metabolic enzymes of CP220/CPt10 are lacking in CP81. On the other hand, the CP81 genome contains nine similar genes for homing endonucleases which may be involved in the attrition of the conserved gene order for the virion core genes of T4-type phages. The phage apparently possesses an unusual modification of C or G bases. Efficient cleavage of its DNA was only achieved with restriction enzymes recognizing pure A/T sites. Uncommonly, phenol extraction leads to a significant loss of CP81 DNA from the aqueous layer, a property not yet described for other phages belonging to the T4 superfamily.Campylobacteriosis is a worldwide zoonosis. There are probably more than two million Campylobacter infections in humans annually in the United States. Also, in developing countries, infections with Campylobacter jejuni are very frequent in children, and symptomatic infections early in life are followed later by asymptomatic infections. The bacteria are common commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of various mammals and birds. Consumption of undercooked meats, especially poultry, has been associated with Campylobacter infections (44). The prevalence of Campylobacter-positive chicken is generally high, and transmission of Campylobacter from bird to bird occurs rapidly (25). Intervention strategies mainly focus on biosecurity measures (e.g., improvement of personal hygiene, avoiding of mixed farming, and control of rodents and insects) and postslaughter decontamination of poultry carcasses (19). Since these measures are expensive and not always efficient and since suitable vaccines are not available, bacteriophages have been proposed to reduce the Campylobacter counts on chicken. Indeed, phage administration in the laboratory reduced C. jejuni colonization of the broiler gut and the contamination on chicken skin by several orders of magnitude (3,6,16,20,29,50).Phages intended for therapeutic applications or for the control of pathogens in food production have to fulfill a number of requirements. First and foremost, phages have to be safe in order to avoid any undesired side effect. Therefore, a basic understanding of the biology and genetics of the phage to be used is mandatory. A minimal standard is the acquisition of the genome sequence of the phage to exclude undesired genes. Unfortunately, up to now, genome sequences of Campylobacter phages are scarce. Most Campylobacter phages have been investigated only with respect to their host ranges, morphology, and genome size (3,4,11,16,22,26,30). Almost all Campyloba...

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“…Of the 26 phages, phage isolate PHC10 showed the broadest lytic spectrum, lysing 31 of 46 67.4% C. resuspended in 500 µL of SM buffer 50 mM Tris-HCl containing 100 mM NaCl, 8 mM MgSO 4 7H 2 O, and 0.01% of gelatin, pH 7.5 . The phages were purified and propagated by the double-layer method of a plaque assay as described by Loc Carrillo et al 2007 with some modifications.…”

Section: Measurement Of Lytic Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Application of Lytic Bacteriophages against <i>Campylobacter</i> <i>jejuni</i> Isolated from Poultry in Japan

et al. 2017

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The aim was to isolate Campylobacter jejuni-specific lytic phages from meats on the market in Japan. These phages were effectively isolated from 13 of 15 86.7% retail chicken meat samples skin and liver by the enrichment method using Preston Campylobacter Selective Enrichment Broth and 10 host Campylobacter strains. Among the 26 phage isolates, 14 were extracted by means of C. jejuni L26 as a host strain. Phage PHC10 showed the broadest lytic spectrum: active against 67.4% of the 46 C. jejuni strains tested. The other phage isolates showed different lytic spectra. Because phages PHC5, PHC10, PHC19, PHC22, and PHC25 possess an icosahedral head and a contracted tail, they seem to be members of the Myoviridae family. Effects of 19 phage isolates on viability of C. jejuni were investigated. These phages reduced viable counts of C. jejuni by 1-3 log after 6-12 h of incubation at 42 as compared to the initial counts. The C. jejuni L26 was found to be suitable as a host because of the wide hosting range. The phages isolated in this study seem to be promising biocontrol agents against C. jejuni in food.

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Free-range layer chickens as a source of Campylobacter bacteriophage

Cited by 44 publications

References 34 publications

Bacteriophage F336 Recognizes the Capsular Phosphoramidate Modification of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

Bacteriophage F336 Recognizes the Capsular Phosphoramidate Modification of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168

Campylobacter jejuni Group III Phage CP81 Contains Many T4-Like Genes without Belonging to the T4-Type Phage Group: Implications for the Evolution of T4 Phages

Characterization and Application of Lytic Bacteriophages against <i>Campylobacter</i> <i>jejuni</i> Isolated from Poultry in Japan

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