Free Radicals in Tobacco Smoke

Bluhm, Aaron L.; Weinstein, Julius; Sousa, John A.

doi:10.1038/229500a0

Cited by 97 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…(9). The first application of this spin trapping method to the detection of the gas-phase radicals in cigarette smoke was reported by Bluhm et al (19). They reported a poorly resolved spectrum that clearly indicated that nitroxide radicals had been formed, but little information about the nature of the radicals that had been trapped could be obtained from their data.…”

Section: The Tar Radical(s) In Cigarette Smoke: Esr Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It has been known for many years that cigarette smoke contains free radicals, and it has been generally assumed that these radicals must somehow be involved in the pathology induced by smoking (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). However, until we began our studies, there had been no systematic investigation of the mechanisms by which radicals are produced in smoke, their structures and chemical reactivities, and possible biochemical and biological consequences of the exposure of biomolecules to smoke-borne radicals (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Free-Radical Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke and Its Toxicological Implications

Church¹,

Pryor²

1985

Environmental Health Perspectives

330

297

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Cigarette smoke contains two very different populations of free radicals, one in the tar and one in the gas phase. The tar phase contains several relatively stable free radicals; we have identified the principal radical as a quinone/hydroquinone (Q/QH2) complex held in the tarry matrix. We suggest that this Q/QH2 polymer is an active redox system that is capable of reducing molecular oxygen to produce superoxide, eventually leading to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, we have shown that the principal radical in tar reacts with DNA in vitro, possibly by covalent binding.The gas phase of cigarette smoke contains small oxygen-and carbon-centered radicals that are much more reactive than are the tar-phase radicals. These gas-phase radicals do not arise in the flame, but rather are produced in a steady state by the oxidation of NO to NO2, which then reacts with reactive species in smoke such as isoprene. We suggest that these radicals and the metastable products derived from these radical reactions may be responsible for the inactivation of a,-proteinase inhibitor by fresh smoke.Cigarette smoke oxidizes thiols to disulfides; we suggest the active oxidants are NO and NO2. The effects of smoke on lipid peroxidation are complex, and this is discussed. We also discuss the toxicological implications for the radicals in smoke in terms of a number of radical-mediated disease processes, including emphysema and cancer.

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Section: The Tar Radical(s) In Cigarette Smoke: Esr Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Radical Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke and Its Toxicological Implications

Church¹,

Pryor²

1985

Environmental Health Perspectives

330

297

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“…Indeed, neutrophils have been shown to be sequestered in the lung capillaries [11,17] by mechanisms such as reduced deformability (filterability) [18,19]. This effect is probably exerted by oxidants (aldehydes, epoxides, peroxides, H 2 O 2 and O 2 -) present in cigarette smoke and could be prevented by prior use of anti-oxidants [19,20].…”

Section: Aspects Of Smoking and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Immunity: an Additional Player in the Mosaic of Autoimmunity

1997

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Autoimmune diseases are associated with a variety of predisposing factors. However, the relative contribution of each remains to be established. The purpose of the paper is to focus on cigarette smoking, a common Western habit, as a possible environmental factor for the emergence of autoimmunity. This association is described in view of several recent studies documenting increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases among smokers.

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“…The radicals in cigarette smoke consist of two populations: a transient, gas-phase population that can be studied directly by ESR only after condensation of the gas phase at low temperatures (1,5,6) *Department ofChemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. or by spin trapping at ambient temperatures (7)(8)(9)(10); and a stable, tar-phase population that persists at room temperature (1,3,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%