Free Radicals From the Photodecomposition of Bleomycin

Antholine, William E.; Sarna, Tadeusz; Sealy, Roger C.; Kalyanaraman, Balaraman; Shields, Glen D.; Petering, David H.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03503.x

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the epidermis, sporadic degenerative cells with dense and atrophied nuclei and eosinophilic and shrunken cytoplasms were seen in the basal layer. 4 hr. In the dermis, foci of slight edema were seen, which included separated fibroblasts with dense and irregularly shaped nuclei, eosinophilic granules, and occasionally necrotic cells (Fig.…”

Section: Auriclesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Findings that differed from the 50-mg/kg group are described below. 4 hr. In the tip epidermis, cells with large nuclei were more multilayered.…”

Section: Auriclesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…-Auricle of a Balb/c mouse that was orally administered SPFX (100 mg/kg), irradiated with UVA for4 hr and sacrificed 96 hr after administration. Extensive necrosis (arrows) is seen in the epidermis and dermis with inflammation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Phototoxic Lesions Induced by Quinolone Antibacterial Agents in Auricular Skin and Retina of Albino Mice

et al. 1993

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The phototoxic effects of quinolone antimicrobial agents on mouse auricular skin and retina were examined histologically. Sparfloxacin at 50 or 100 mg/kg, which alone causes no histologic change, was orally administered to albino Balb/c mice, which were irradiated with ultraviolet A for 4 hr immediately after administration. In the auricle, degeneration of basal epidermal cells was sporadically observed at 2 hr (during the irradiation). Foci of slight edema with degenerated fibroblasts were seen in the dermis at 4 hr. Edema and neutrophil infiltration in the dermis became severe up to 96 hr. Initial changes in the retina were observed at 2 hr. Vacuolation of the photoreceptor segments (particularly the inner segment) was occasionally associated with swelling of retinal pigment epithelial cells. The segments became disorganized with time, and the outer nuclear layer showed reduced cellularity. The segments and layer were partially thinned and lost 96 hr later. Enoxacin at 400 and 800 mg/kg induced similar lesions to those of sparfloxacin. Levofloxacin caused similar lesions in the auricle but no change in the retina. The combination of oral administration of quinolone and ultraviolet A irradiation, which never caused apparent morphological changes alone, was shown to be able to induce phototoxic lesions in albino mice. Therefore, this method is thought to be useful to examine morphological changes caused by quinolone phototoxicity.

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Section: Auriclesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Findings that differed from the 50-mg/kg group are described below. 4 hr. In the tip epidermis, cells with large nuclei were more multilayered.…”

Section: Auriclesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Phototoxic Lesions Induced by Quinolone Antibacterial Agents in Auricular Skin and Retina of Albino Mice

et al. 1993

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“…The finding that BHT protected against phototoxicity indicated that the generation of free radicals could play a part in causing phototoxicity. It is known that many compounds such as bleomyein (Antholine et al 1985) and porphyrin derivatives (Torinuki et al 1980) generate reactive oxygen in bringing about phototoxicity. Thus, one reason for the protective effect of BHT is probably related to the scavenging effect of free radicals directly generated in photochemical reactions; however, it is well known that reactive oxygen species are also generated in many steps of inflammatory reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important role of oxygen metabolites in quinolone antibacterial agent-induced cutaneous phototoxicity in mice

Wagai

Tawara

1991

Arch Toxicol

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We investigated whether or not the generation of reactive oxygens and toxic photoproducts participated in the cutaneous phototoxicity mechanisms induced by the quinolone derivatives, ofloxacin (OFLX), enoxacin, lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and DR-3355 (the s-isomer of OFLX) in a mouse model. Pretreatment of Balb/c mice with allopurinol, soybean trypsin inhibitor, catalase and beta-carotene gave significant protection against ear swelling reactions induced by oral administration of quinolones and following ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation. Pretreatment with diethyldithiocarbamate augmented the swelling. No swelling was observed with direct injection into the auricle of UVA-pretreated photoproducts of the quinolones. These results showed that cutaneous phototoxicity did not depend on the generation of toxic photoproducts and suggested that oxygen metabolites generated in the xanthine oxidase pathway participated in the toxicity.

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“…A reasonable mechanism for the formation of these pyrimidine radicals is the initial oxidation of the bases by electron transfer to the photoexcited drug molecules . Photogeneration of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was observed when bleomycin and several of its metal complexes were exposed to near-UV and visible light in aerated aqueous solutions (Antholine et al, 1985). Carboquone, mitomycin C and streptomycin were also found to generate superoxide anions upon visible light exposure in aerated dimethylsufoxide solutions .…”

Section: Base Alterations Induced By Activated Oxygen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%