Free radical-scavenging activity of sequential leaf extracts of Embothrium coccineum

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthraquinones from sequential extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) of Embothrium coccineum leaves on the antioxidant capacity, cell viability, and toxicity of the same, in order to find possible sources for novel antioxidants for food and pharmaceutical formulations. Antioxidant potential of sequential extracts was analyzed by five different assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (H2O2), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP). An in vitro growth inhibition assay was performed using sulphorhodamine dye to quantify cell viability, while an in vivo brine shrimp lethality test was used to quantify toxicity. The dichloromethane extract has a greater efficiency in scavenging free radicals, combined with low toxicity, and no effect exhibited on healthy cells, compared to observations for the other extracts tested. Further research is in progress to identify and separate the active compounds of active extracts and investigate the protective effect of extracts on human dermal fibroblast injury induced by hydrogen peroxide.

Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Essential Oil and Main Components from Leaves of Aloysia polystachya Harvested in Central Chile

“…The H 2 O 2 scavenging activity was determined according to a previously described method [ 57 ]. A solution of hydrogen peroxide (40 mM) was prepared in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4).…”

“…The TRAP of the essential oil was determined by ABTS + (2,2′-azinobi(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay [ 57 ]. The ABTS + (2,2′-azinobi(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical solution (150 µM) was mixed with 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidino propane) (ABAP) solution (10 mM) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4 solution (100 mM).…”

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Embothrium coccineum Used as Traditional Medicine in Patagonia against Multiresistant Bacteria

“…A previous study showed that the chemical components of E. coccineum include anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenols [6]. It is known that secondary metabolites such as those described in E. coccineum have good antimicrobial properties.…”

“…The aerial parts of E. coccineum have been used as a folk remedy for the treatment of neuralgia, tooth pains, wound healing, and glandular conditions, as well as an antiseptic agent in various cultures, for example among the Aónikenk, Huilliche, Kawésqar and Yagan people [3,4]. An earlier study by Mølgaard suggested that the ethanol extract of E. coccineum does not exhibit significant antibacterial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa [5], while in other studies it has been shown that extracts of E. coccineum have antioxidant activity because of their contents of phenols, flavonoids and anthraquinones, and molecules which were related to antimicrobial activity [6]. However, the available information concerning E. coccineum is particularly limited.…”

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Leptocarpha rivularis DC Flower Extracts

“…The DPPH assay was performed as described previously [ 89 ]. Briefly, 0.1 mL sample (from 0 to 4 mg/L of flower extracts) was mixed with 2.9 mL DPPH● solution (50 μM) and such a solution was freshly prepared in ethanol.…”