Free-cooling potential in shopping mall buildings with plants equipped by dry-coolers boosted with evaporative pads

Angelis, Alessandra De; Chinese, Damiana; Saro, Onorio

doi:10.18280/ijht.350422

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The findings suggest that also other designing procedures of building systems could be influenced by these differences (considering also the extreme temperatures variations). Among the others, the systems whose efficiency depends on weather conditions should be studied, for example heat pumps [35][36][37], evaporative cooling systems [13,14] or dry coolers [15][16][17] systems, that are relevant for large scale planning, energy savings, water and carbon footprint reduction [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Moisture Representative Year generation procedure presented in this work, is intended to produce representative years to be used in simulation tools that consider also the influence of rain, like the aforementioned ones. Moreover, the efficiency of some heating and cooling system components depends on the moisture content of air (for example the evaporative cooling systems [13,14], the dry cooler systems [15][16][17]) and thus, the results of the analysis would require a weather file selected also considering the weather variables related to moisture content of air. The heat and moisture transfer simulations of the walls are more frequently performed to evaluate the risks connected to the uncontrolled moisture migration.…”

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Influence of the Meteorological Record Length on the Generation of Representative Weather Files

et al. 2020

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Heat and moisture (HM) transfer simulations of building envelopes and whole building energy simulations require adequate weather files. The common approach is to use weather data of reference years constructed from meteorological records. The weather record affects the capability of representing the real weather of the resulting reference years. In this paper the problem of the influence of the length of the records on the representativeness of the reference years is addressed and its effects are evaluated also for the applicative case of the moisture accumulation risk analysis with the Glaser Method and with DELPHIN 6, confirming that records shorter than 10 years could lead to less representative reference years. On the other hand, it is shown that reference years obtained from longer periods are not representative of the most recent years, which present higher dry-bulb air temperatures due to a short-term climate change effect observed in all the considered weather records. An alternative representative year (Moisture Representative Year) to be used in building energy simulations with a strong dependence on moisture is presented. This requirement could be very restrictive, for example, for the regions with only recently installed weather stations. The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the MY length on the moisture accumulation risk assessment performed using reference years for four cities of the Northern Italy. In addition, a reference year, alternative to the TMY for the moisture related building simulations is presented. Heat and Moisture Transfer SimulationsThe simulation of the building envelope could be performed considering the coupled transfer of heat and moisture. The resulting simulation provides an accurate calculation of the heat losses, including in the calculations also the variability of the thermal material properties due to the variation of the moisture content and the temperature and the latent heat losses due to the moisture migration. These types of models have been introduced in the whole building energy simulations and their influence has been proven to be relevant in several situations. A review on the effects of an inappropriate estimation of moisture content in materials is presented in [2]. Several examples of calculation methods and tools used to perform these simulations, with different hypotheses, are presented in literature (a review of the simulation methods is presented in [3]). A comparison between the effects of using different models of heat and moisture transfer in EnergyPlus whole building simulations is presented in [4], where the models are used to compare the moisture buffering effect of the hygroscopic materials calculated with different models on the internal environmental conditions. In [5], the implementation of the heat and moisture transfer model that considers the moisture hysteresis of hygroscopic materials (described in [6] and implemented in the software MATCH) is implemented in a whole building simulation tool, BSim). Similarly, [7] presents ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Influence of the Meteorological Record Length on the Generation of Representative Weather Files

et al. 2020

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“…Future research is required to understand if the optimization procedure could be applied with benefit on different building typologies (offices, schools, shopping mall, etc.) and with different HVAC-plant configurations, where solar energy could be exploited to the best, using non-traditional cooling plant solutions, as evaporative cooling combined with dry coolers [10][11][12]. More realistic optimization results could be obtained also modeling in detail the building, taking in account aspects such as effects of more accurate ground heat loss calculation procedures [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Configuration of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collectors in a Nearly Zero Energy Building

Angelis¹,

Libralato²,

Corazza³

et al. 2020

TI-IJES

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This paper investigates the solar energy systems potential in a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB) in order to reduce the use of non-renewable energy. The Hooke-Jeeves optimization scheme (implemented in the software GenOpt) is employed to find the best configurations of the solar thermal panels (ST-panels), photovoltaic panels (PV-panels) and hot water storage tank that reduces the overall cost, including the energy demand from other supplies. Various locations with different climatic conditions (temperate, continental, and oceanic climate) were analyzed. Solar collectors' area, solar collectors' scope and volume of hot water storage tank are set as the optimization variables, while the overall cost, consisting of investment costs and operating cost, is the objective function to minimize. The optimization results show that it is preferable to dedicate a larger roof area to photovoltaic collectors in the locations where the cooling loads are higher and that a larger roof area should be reserved to thermal solar panels in the locations where the heating loads are higher.

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“…Figure 1). These devices are responsible for about 25% of the total energy consumption in Europe [2] and 15% worldwide [3]. The problem is that consumers do not always consider the most efficient AC units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications

2022

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The indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) has excellent potential to replace or improve conventional vapor compression equipment in HVAC and refrigeration applications. This could be achieved by using the M-cycle (dew-point evaporative cooling technology). This thermodynamic concept makes it possible to derive a large amount of energy from the air stream (as latent heat released during water evaporation into the working air stream) and use it for another air stream (product). Its application has also spread to other sectors, such as water desalination and distillation, power plants, or NOx reduction. This paper provides an overview of the M-cycle mainly in air conditioning (MAC, D-MAC, H-MAC) and refrigeration (MCT, M-condenser). Various integrated solutions are described, showing improved effectiveness in terms of the wet-bulb temperature and the dew point. The design features of consolidated solutions are better In terms of the flow distribution, geometry, or volume. Most of the improvements confirm the great potential of the M-cycle to increase the unit or the system efficiency due to lower energy and water consumption.

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Free-cooling potential in shopping mall buildings with plants equipped by dry-coolers boosted with evaporative pads

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of the Meteorological Record Length on the Generation of Representative Weather Files

Influence of the Meteorological Record Length on the Generation of Representative Weather Files

Optimization of the Configuration of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collectors in a Nearly Zero Energy Building

Overview of the M-Cycle Technology for Air Conditioning and Cooling Applications

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