Free and bound plasmin in esophageal tumors and surrounding tissues in men and women.

Abstract

84 Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is 2 to 8 times more frequent in men than in women. Tumor progression is directly connected with plasmin participation in destruction of the extracellular matrix and the basement membrane surrounding tumor. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of plasminogen (PG), free plasmin (P) and plasmin bound in complex with α2-antiplasmin (PAP) in ESCC tissues of men (M) and women (W). Methods: ESCC tumor tissue (T) and its perifocal zone (PZ) were studied by the ELISA (19 men and 8 menopausal women aged 58-72, st II, G2, T2-3N0-1M0-1). The results were compared to the histologically unchanged tissue from the resection line (RL). PG, P and PAP were measured in 10% homogenates prepared in sterile saline, with recalculation per 1 g wet tissue). Data were processed using Statistica 10. Results: PG content in RL was 1.5 times higher in M than in W. PG in T of M was decreased by 2 times, in W by 3.3 times, in PZ of M – by 2.9 times, in W – by 2.3 times. PG in T and PZ of M was 2.5 and 1.2 times higher than in W. P content in RL of all patients was significantly lower than in other samples, but 1.4 times higher in M than in W. P in T and PZ of M was 3 and 2.5 times higher than in RL, in T and PZ of W – 3.5 and 2.8 times higher than in RL. Significant differences were observed between P levels in T (but not in PZ): 1.3 times higher in M than in W. PAP content was relatively constant in all tissues, with a slight prevalence in T and PZ of W. P/PAP ratio was elevated in all tissues compared to RL, but in T and PZ of M it was 1.4 and 1.2 times higher than in W. P/PAP in RL of M was 1.4 times higher than in W. Conclusions: The results show a higher aggressiveness of P in PZ and T of M, while P formation in T of W was less active. We reported on a higher content of PG activators in T and PZ of M, and taking into account the morbidity statistics and literature data we suppose the effect of androgens on the conditions of PG activation into P and manifestation of its biological features. P in PZ of both M and W can contribute in the expansion of a “tumor field”. P binding in PAP complex was similar in all studied tissues.

A Distinct Epidemiologic Pattern of Precancerous Lesions of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a High-risk Area of Huai'an, Jiangsu Province, China

“…Furthermore, a completely distinct epidemiologic pattern has been observed in certain high-risk areas located in Taihang mountain region of north-central China as well, where the incidence rates in females are almost as high as males in spite of the fact that women are very rarely exposed to tobacco and alcohol use; thus, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking having little or no role in this extremely high ESCC risk area was concluded on the basis of their results (30,31). In Taihang mountain region, the incidence rate of ESCC is only up to about 1.5-fold more common in men than in women (32), which is similar with the data provided by CDC in Huai'an District (94.87/ 100,000 for male and 78.70/100,000 for female from 2003 to 2006; 95.24/100,000 for male and 63.18/100,000 for female in 2014), whereas ESCC is 2 to 8 times more common in men than in women in most areas of the world (33). In summary, the role of some other factors that may be involved in the development of EPL or carcinogenesis of ESCC are supposed to take the main responsibility in these areas including Huai'an District, such as environmental exposures like drinking water quality, which are discussed above, and dietary factors, as these common factors are likely to influence both sexes equally.…”

Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Esophageal Cancer in Huai’an District, a High-Risk Area in Northern Jiangsu Province, China

“…While EC is 2 to 8 times more common in men than in women in most other areas of the world, tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are the dominant risk factors that cause this trend. 24 Our previous study reported a distinct epidemiological pattern of precancerous lesions of ESCC in Huai’an District, and the influencing factors for esophageal precancerous lesions may be similar to those previously identified as influencing factors for ESCC. 3 Like some other previous studies conducted in high-risk areas in China, 25-29 the use of alcohol and tobacco may play a minor role in the development of EC, whereas environmental and dietary factors (which may influence both genders equally) were found to play dominant roles in the Huai’an District.…”

Functions of Urokinase and Its Receptor in Pathological Tissues of Patients with Gastric Cancer

“…Ключевые процессы в морфогенезе тканей (миграция и пролиферация клеток) стимулируются плазмином. Помимо этого, активация плазмин-зависимого протеолиза обеспечивает стимуляцию ангиогенеза и неоваскуляризацию новообразований [9,15,[25][26][27][28][29]. Наши данные согласуются с приведенными сведениями и позволяют предположить, что аденокарцинома желудка через активацию uPA и uPAR стимулирует постоянную выработку плазмина c приоритетом в опухоли.…”