Free amino acids of chicken and rat retina

Pasantes‐Morales, Herminia; Klethi, J; Ledig, M.; Mandel, P.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(72)90523-9

Cited by 169 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is present in the retina in significant amounts (Pasantes-Morales, Klethi, Ledig & Mandel, 1972;Starr, 1973; Voaden, Lake, Marshall & Norjaria, 1977; Kennedy, Neal & Lolley, 1977) and is released by light stimulation (Ehinger & Lindberg, 1974;Ehinger & LindbergBauer, 1976) or by potassium stimulation (Kennedy & Neal, 1978). There is a high-affinity transport system for glycine in the retina (Bruun & Ehinger, 1972;Chin & Lam, 1980) with kinetic parameters similar to those reported for spinal cord preparations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Action and localization of glycine and taurine in the cat retina.

Bolz¹,

Thier²,

Voigt³

et al. 1985

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effects on retinal ganglion cells of iontophoretically applied glycine, taurine and strychnine were studied in the optically intact eye of the cat.2. Glycine and taurine suppressed the light-evoked discharge of all on-centre and off-centre brisk ganglion cells, regardless of the visual stimulus used.3. Strychnine blocked the action of externally applied glycine and taurine. The light-evoked response of all ganglion cells was raised by strychnine.4. The tonic discharge of the light response was suppressed or raised by the drugs more than the phasic response.5

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Action and localization of glycine and taurine in the cat retina.

Bolz¹,

Thier²,

Voigt³

et al. 1985

The Journal of Physiology

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“…These K in, retina values strongly supported the uphill transport of taurine against a concentration gradient from the circulating blood to the retina across the inner and outer BRB because the retinal taurine concentration (12 mM) is much greater than that of the serum (100-300 µM). 17,19,22) The detailed property of taurine transport at the inner BRB was assessed using TR-iBRB2 cells, an in vitro model cell line derived from rat retinal capillary endothelial cells, 14,15) and the results suggested carrier-mediated taurine transport at the inner BRB, since [ previously estimated for the outer BRB. 23,26,27) Considering the much higher serum concentration of taurine (100-300 µM) in rats, 19,22) these K m values imply more than 80% saturation of taurine transport by endogenous plasma taurine, which in turn indicates a continuous taurine supply from the circulating blood to the retina through the taurine transport system at the inner BRB.…”

Section: Taurine Transport Across the Brbmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Non-specific transport between the circulating blood and neural retina is restricted by the tight junction formed at the inner and outer BRB, and the membrane transporters expressed in these responsible cells are suggested to contribute to selective transport between the circulating blood and neural retina. [12][13][14][15] Biochemical studies showed that taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the retina (12 mM in rats), and its retinal concentration is much greater than its concentration in the serum (100-300 µM) [16][17][18][19] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Taurine Transport Across the Brbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of SLC6A Transporters in Physiological Taurine Transport at the Blood–Retinal Barrier and in the Liver

Kubo

Akanuma

Hosoya

2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Cumulative studies showed that taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) contributes to a variety of physiological events. Transport study suggested the cellular taurine transport in an Na -and Cl -dependent manner, and the several members of SLC6A family have been shown as taurine transporter. At the inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB), taurine transporter (TauT/SLC6A) is involved in the transport of taurine to the retina from the circulating blood. The involvement of TauT is also suggested in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport at the inner BRB, and its role is assumed in the elimination of GABA from the retinal interstitial fluid. In the retina, taurine is thought to be a major organic osmolyte, and its influx and efflux through TauT and volume-sensitive organic osmolyte and anion channel (VSOAC) in Müller cells regulate the osmolarity in the retinal microenvironment to maintain a healthy retina. In the liver, hepatocytes take up taurine via GABA transporter 2 (GAT2/SLC6A13, the orthologue of mouse GAT3) expressed at the sinusoidal membrane of periportal hepatocytes, contributing to the metabolism of bile acid. Site-directed mutagenesis study suggests amino acid residues that are crucial in the recognition of substrates by GATs and TauT. The evidence suggests the physiological impact of taurine transporters in tissues.

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“…The combination of this property and the potential toxicity of nitric oxide should be controlled by neutralizing substances in cells that are located near production sites of nitric oxide but have to be protected from its toxicity. It was shown that taurine concentrations are high in cells and tissues that produce oxidants and radicals (2,37,38), and it protects against radiation damage (39). We propose that taurine may function as a scavenger of nitric oxide in the brain, acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter coupled to nitric oxide action.…”

Section: Gtgtagcatcagctacctgctgggctg-c>' Ilr S E 'Vtt T T A! T Umentioning

confidence: 90%

Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the transporter of taurine and beta-alanine in mouse brain.

Liu

López-Corcuera²,

Nelson³

et al. 1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

256

161

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A taurine/fl-alanine transporter was cloned from a mouse brain cDNA library by screening with a partial cDNA probe of the glycine transporter at low stringency. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts 590 amino acids with typical characteristics of the sodium-dependent neurotransmitter transporters such as sequence homology and membrane topography. However, the calculated isoelectric point of the taurine/fi-alanine transporter is more acidic (pI = 5.98) than those (pI > 8.0) of other cloned neurotransmitter transporters. Xenopus oocytes Injected with cRNA of the cloned transporter expressed uptake activities with K. = 4.5 FM for taurine and K. = 56 FM for (3-alanine. Northern hybridization showed a single transcript of 7.5 kil9bases that was highly enriched in kidney and distributed evenly in various parts of the brain. In situ hybridization showed the mRNA of the taurine/(3-alanine transporter to be localized in the corpus callosum, striatum, and anterior commisure. Specific localization ofthe taurine/palanine transporter in mouse brain suggests a-potential function for taurine and (3-alanine as neurotransmitters.

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Free amino acids of chicken and rat retina

Cited by 169 publications

References 18 publications

Action and localization of glycine and taurine in the cat retina.

Action and localization of glycine and taurine in the cat retina.

Impact of SLC6A Transporters in Physiological Taurine Transport at the Blood–Retinal Barrier and in the Liver

Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the transporter of taurine and beta-alanine in mouse brain.

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