Free Amino Acid Composition of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Calli under Somatic Embryogenesis Induction Conditions

Magnaval, C.; Noirot, Michel; Verdeil, Jean‐Luc; Blattes, A.; Huet, C.; Grosdemange, Frédérique; Buffard-Morel, Jacqueline

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81982-6

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to the fact that the zygotic embryo, used as the initial explant, has virtually no starch in the composition of its tissues, it was found that in the SE of African oil palm, the synthesis of this compound occurs during the first 2 weeks of cultivation. Magnaval et al (1991) and Kanchanapoom and Domuoas (1999), studying SE from Cocos nucifera and E. guineensis, respectively, also observed the accumulation of significant amounts of starch in early embryogenic development. Such results indicate that, in embryogenesis in species of the family Arecaceae, starch synthesis is directly related to the induction of the cell division process.…”

Section: Starchmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparative biochemical profiling during the stages of acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

et al. 2014

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In this study, the different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) of the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were characterized biochemically. The total soluble sugars, starch, total free amino acids, and total proteins were extracted, identified and quantified at various stages of embryogenesis: zygotic embryos (initial explants), primary calluses, embryogenic calluses, calluses with pro-embryos, globular embryos, differentiated somatic embryos, and regenerated plants. It was found that at the onset of induction of SE, the level of soluble sugars in the tissues of the explants fell by half. During this period, the total soluble sugars present in the cultures consisted basically of glucose and fructose. In the process of regeneration and maturation, the concentrations of soluble sugars gradually increased, reaching the highest values in the last two stages of development. At this stage, the disaccharide sucrose accounts for more than 80 % of the composition of total soluble sugars in the explants. Compared to starch, we found that the concentrations thereof in developing tissues are inversely proportional to that of soluble sugars virtually throughout embryogenic development. As for free amino acids, we found that after 30 days of induction until formation of the embryogenic calluses, there is an accentuated synthesis of total free amino acids in the explant tissue. In this stage, there was a significant increase in the levels of alanine and serine in the tissues. However, after the formation of the embryogenic calluses, the levels of total free amino acids present in the cultures become stabile and remain constant until the end of cultivation. Similar results were found for total protein, which also showed a significant increase at the onset of induction, undergoing slight changes during the remainder of the cultivation.

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Section: Starchmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparative biochemical profiling during the stages of acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

et al. 2014

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“…They also added that small organic molecules, including amino acids and their derivatives, as well as simple sugars and their derivatives, are osmotically active molecules that preserve positive turgor pressure, which is necessary for the cell division and structural integrity of bio membranes. Moreover, it has been recommended that several endogenous amino acids play a crucial role in differentiation and morphogenesis [83].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Fe-Modified Activated Carbon Affecting the In Vitro Growth of Date Palm Plantlets cv. Medjool

et al. 2022

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The survival and growth of in vitro plantlets are still problematic for the date palm; thus, the application of nanotechnology may provide date palm plantlets that develop faster with enhanced growth and biochemical parameters. Moreover, the usage of Fe-modified activated carbon (Fe-AC) prepared from date palm pits instead of activated charcoal (AC) in tissue culture media during the current investigation can be considered an innovative approach. Furthermore, the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and bulk particles (ZnO-BPs) on the rooting and growth of date palm plantlets and on some physiological indices was also investigated. X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize Fe-AC and ZnO-NPs. As detected from the characterization, the particle size was 720 nm for Fe-AC and 60 nm for ZnO-NPs. The obtained results indicated that AC significantly enhanced plantlet growth, plantlet height, number of leaves/plantlet, root length, number of roots/plantlet, and the concentrations of IAA, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b compared with Fe-AC. On the other hand, sugars and phenols concentrations, and POD and PAL activities were highly increased with Fe-AC. There was no significant difference in terms of plant fresh weight (FW), leaf length, leaf width, protein, amino acids, and carotenoids. ZnO nanoparticles significantly improved plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, and the concentrations of IAA, chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids; in contrast, the bulk form increased roots/plantlet, amino acids, and total sugars. Supplying the MS medium with combinations of ZnO-NPs or ZnO-BPs and AC or Fe-AC significantly increased all growth and physiological parameters. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, and the concentrations of IAA, protein, and chlorophylls a and b significantly increased when ZnO-NPs were combined with AC. Amino acids, total sugars, carotenoids, and phenols concentrations and the activities of POD and PAL increased when ZnO-BPs and Fe-AC were added together.

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“…It has been demonstrated that several endogenous amino acids play a role in differentiation and morphogenesis (Magnaval et al, 1995). As a result, figuring out the value of amino acids at each developmental stage of date palm somatic embryos may be a good marker for calli that well be oriented to embryogenic growth.…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the Valine (VAL), ILE and LEU contents which were increased significantly in EC than PE and FDSEs, VAL has primarily been described as a reduced nitrogen source in popular culture, but its presence is often essential for callus or cell growth (Magnaval et al, 1995). Also, This results are in a harmony with Schmidt et al (1997) who reported that, a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase-encoding gene has been discovered to be specifically up regulated during the extremely early stages of the SE process, while the majority of the molecular SE markers discovered with the last phases of embryo development.…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Hormones and Amino Acids Contents Influence Somatic Embryogenic Potential of Phoenix dactylifera L.

Zein El Din,

Abdellatif,

Ibrahim

et al. 2023

Egyptian International Journal of Palms

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Somatic embryogenesis is a means by which plants can regenerate bipolar structures from somatic cells. Furthermore, a high frequency and synchronous embryogenic system is necessary to obtain the complete advantages of somatic embryogenesis. Additionally, examining the regenerability of embryogenic callus (EC) and its ability to develop further into advanced stages of somatic embryos (SEs) could therefore help in the mass production of date palm SEs. For that reason; the embryogenic callus (EC), non-embryogenic callus (NEC) and the other developing SEs phases [pro-embryos (PE) and fully developed SEs (FDSEs)] were undergone to determine the endogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) as well as different amino acids levels. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), zeatin (Z) and 2isopentenyladenine (2iP) concentrations reached their lowest levels in EC in comparing with the other developing SEs phases (PE and FDSEs). However, NEC had the greatest level of ABA. Furthermore, FDSEs had high levels of GA 3 and total cytokinins (CKs). In contrast to FDSEs and NEC, which had high 2iP/zeatin ratios, EC and PE had elevated IAA/CKs ratio. IAA/ABA ratio increased significantly in PE. On either hand, EC had the highest significant quantities of aspartic, alanine, histidine and lysine than PE and FDSEs. Whereas, NEC had the highest significant levels of glycine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine, but no proline was detected in NEC or PE. Serine, glutamic, and arginine levels were high in FDSEs. In PE, the level of threonine increased considerably. These determined biochemical components are highly of importance since the discovery that the induction and expression of somatic embryogenesis are totally dependent on their endogenous levels from PGRs and free amino acids.

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Free Amino Acid Composition of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Calli under Somatic Embryogenesis Induction Conditions

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Comparative biochemical profiling during the stages of acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Comparative biochemical profiling during the stages of acquisition and development of somatic embryogenesis in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Fe-Modified Activated Carbon Affecting the In Vitro Growth of Date Palm Plantlets cv. Medjool

Endogenous Hormones and Amino Acids Contents Influence Somatic Embryogenic Potential of Phoenix dactylifera L.

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