Framing of research question using the PICOT format in randomised controlled trials of venous ulcer disease: a protocol for a systematic survey of the literature

Abbade, Luciana Patrícia Fernandes; Wang, Mei; Sriganesh, Kamath; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Thabane, Lehana

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013175

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) search strategy was constructed using criteria on the basis of a defined population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and timing questions. 16 The population included human lymphoma tissues; IHC-based pathology informatics image analysis approaches for diagnosis defined the intervention; the comparison was with human pathologist-read approaches for diagnosis, when available; the outcomes were agreement and classification accuracy between image analysis and human pathologist approaches; and the period of evaluation was defined as at initial diagnosis. The MeSH search included the following search terms: “Image Analysis,” “Image Processing,” “Image Interpretation,” “Pathology,” “Computer-assisted Diagnosis,” “Computer-aided Classification,” and “Lymphoma,” with subsets such as “Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse.”…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informatics Approaches to Address New Challenges in the Classification of Lymphoid Malignancies

Jordan

Goldstein

Jaye

et al. 2018

JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics

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Purpose Lymphoid malignancies are remarkably heterogeneous, with variations in outcomes and clinical, biologic, and histologic presentation complicating classification according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Incorrect classification of lymphoid neoplasms can result in suboptimal therapeutic strategies for individual patients and confound the interpretation of clinical trials involving personalized, class-based treatments. This review discusses the potential role of pathology informatics in improving the classification accuracy and objectivity for lymphoid malignancies. Design We identified peer-reviewed publications examining pathology informatics approaches for the classification of lymphoid malignancies, reviewed developments in the lymphoma classification systems, and summarized computational methods for pathologic assessment that can impact practice. Results Computer-assisted pathology image analysis algorithms in lymphoma most commonly have been applied to follicular lymphoma to address biologic heterogeneity and subjectivity in the process of classification. Conclusion Objective methods are available to assist pathologists in lymphoma classification and grading, and have been demonstrated to provide measurable benefits in specific contexts. Future validation and extension of these approaches will require datasets that link high resolution pathology images available for image analysis algorithms with clinical variables and follow up outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informatics Approaches to Address New Challenges in the Classification of Lymphoid Malignancies

Jordan

Goldstein

Jaye

et al. 2018

JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics

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“…This time frame and database were chosen primarily based on feasibility considerations to allow enough sampling‐frame for the target sample size for this survey. The protocol for this study was published and details related to our search strategy and methods are reported elsewhere . Briefly, we included RCTs of a therapeutic intervention for VU, involving human subjects, and written in English.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described in the protocol of this study, the PICOT score was computed as the sum of the 5 individual elements and ranged from 0 to 5, and the 95% CI was calculated by assuming a binomial distribution. We used Cohen's Kappa (κ) statistic to calculate chance‐adjusted interrater agreements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adjustments were made for (1) whether or not the journal endorses the CONSORT statement, (2) journal impact factor (according to the previous study we classified the journal as high‐impact if the citations index was above the median of the journals included in the study, and low‐impact if the citations index was below the median), (3) number of centers [multicenter versus single center], (4) sample size [≤ 100 versus > 100], (5) results of trial [if the primary outcome was statistically significant], and (6) funding status [industry funded versus other sources of funding]. As noted earlier, detailed description of the analysis are reported elsewhere …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The framing of research questions using the PICOT format in randomized controlled trials of venous ulcer disease is suboptimal: A systematic survey

Abbade

Wang

Sriganesh

et al. 2017

Wound Repair Regeneration

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Despite several publications on venous ulcers, there is still a lack of evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support certain treatments for patients with this disorder. Well-designed research questions using the PICOT (Population; Intervention; Comparator; Outcome; Time-frame) format in RCTs can improve the quality of research. The objectives of this study were to assess how the PICOT format is used to frame research questions in RCTs published on venous ulcer disease and to determine the factors associated with better adherence to the PICOT format. We conducted a systematic survey of RCTs on venous ulcers published in the PubMed database between January 2009 and May 2016. All RCTs published in English addressing therapeutic interventions for venous ulcer disease in human subjects were included. We examined whether the five elements of the PICOT format were used in formulating the research question and scored them between 0 and 5. The primary outcome of this systematic survey was the percentage of studies that adequately reported all five PICOT elements. Eighty-five (85) RCTs were included with median PICOT score of 3 (IQR = 1.5). Four elements of PICOT were present in 28 reports (32.9%) and only 2 RCTS (2.3%) reported all the PICOT elements. Population and intervention were often appropriately described, in (70/85) 82.4% and (83/85) 97.6% of the studies, respectively; however, comparison intervention and outcome were presented in only (53/85) 62.3% and (48/85) 56.5% of studies, respectively. Very few RCTs (7.1%; 6/85) reported the study time frame. No journal or RCT characteristics were found to be significantly associated with better reporting. Use of the PICOT format to frame research questions in RCTs published on venous ulcers is suboptimal, and our study reinforces the importance of framing a good research question to improve the design of trials and quality of evidence in venous ulcer disease.

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“…A search strategy with broad criteria was predefined to initially select articles. Based on the review questions, the terms were identified using Population; Intervention; Comparator; Outcome; Time frame (PICOT) (Abbade, Wang, Sriganesh, Mbuagbaw, & Thabane, 2016) to guide the generation of relevant keywords for searching and developing inclusion and exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoping Review of School-Based Obesity Interventions among Children and Adolescents in Arabic Speaking Countries

Almutairi¹,

Burns²,

Portsmouth³

2022

GJHS

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BACKGROUND: Childhood and adolescent obesity globally presents a huge public health problem and the dramatic increase in its prevalence and associated poor health outcomes pose serious concerns among Arabic-speaking countries. AIM: This scoping review seeks to identify the characteristics and assess the effectiveness of school-based health promotion interventions on prevention or reduction of overweight/obesity among children and adolescents. This review further describes the implementation and evaluation of nutrition and physical activity interventions and their measured health outcomes for schools in Arabic speaking countries. METHODS: We searched 10 electronic databases (PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ERIC, EMBASE, ProQuest, EBSCO Host and Global Health) from 2010 to 2020 for studies evaluating school-based health promotion interventions on obesity or overweight among children and adolescents in Arab speaking countries. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review and narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: The 16 articles reported on eight discretely different interventions which were largely school-based and examined physical activity and/or nutritional changes as well as changes in knowledge and attitude in regard to physical activity and nutrition. CONCLUSION: Our review demonstrates an inconclusive and mixed effect of behavioural and physical activity intervention on prevention or reduction of obesity and/or overweight. While the strengths and limitations of the various interventions may have influenced the outcomes, long-term school-based interventions with rigorous methodological and theoretical frameworks are necessary to assess the true impact of these interventions on childhood and adolescent obesity in Arab speaking countries.

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Framing of research question using the PICOT format in randomised controlled trials of venous ulcer disease: a protocol for a systematic survey of the literature

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Informatics Approaches to Address New Challenges in the Classification of Lymphoid Malignancies

Informatics Approaches to Address New Challenges in the Classification of Lymphoid Malignancies

The framing of research questions using the PICOT format in randomized controlled trials of venous ulcer disease is suboptimal: A systematic survey

Scoping Review of School-Based Obesity Interventions among Children and Adolescents in Arabic Speaking Countries

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