Fragmentation of the Sinai Plate indicated by spatial variation in present-day slip rate along the Dead Sea Fault System

Gomez, Francisco; Cochran, William; Yassminh, Rayan; Jaafar, Rani; Reilinger, Robert; Floyd, Michael; King, Robert W.; Barazangi, Muawia

doi:10.1093/gji/ggaa095

Cited by 22 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Our BOI results show a clear left-lateral movement focused on the southern Dead Sea fault of 4.5-5 mm/yr, which is in agreement with both geologic and GPS estimates of the fault slip rate (e.g., Bartov et al, 1980;Le Béon et al, 2008;Hamiel et al, 2018;Gomez et al, 2020). The BOI velocities are not calibrated in any way by GPS data or other land-based measurements, i.e., they are derived solely from the Sentinel-1 BOI time-series analysis, and thus provide a new independent estimate of the slip rate of the southern Dead Sea fault.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The lower panels are as in Figure 3. Gray dots represent GPS observations with 1σ uncertainty (Gomez et al, 2020); white GPS dots were dismissed from the analysis. a decreasing locking depth from the north into the gulf and toward the Red Sea rift.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2c) in comparison with GPS and model predictions (see text). Gray dots represent GPS observations with 1σ uncertainty (Gomez et al, 2020), while white GPS dots were dismissed from the analysis. The lower panels are as in Fig.…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sentinel-1 interferograms are processed with manuscript submitted to Geophysical Research Letters software GAMMA (Werner et al, 2001). GPS data is available through Hamiel et al 2018and Gomez et al, 2020. Figures are prepared using Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel et al, 2013 and MATLAB.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interseismic Deformation From Sentinel‐1 Burst‐Overlap Interferometry: Application to the Southern Dead Sea Fault

Jónsson

Cao

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interseismic Deformation From Sentinel‐1 Burst‐Overlap Interferometry: Application to the Southern Dead Sea Fault

Jónsson

Cao

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…GPS observations along the Arava Valley (Figure 1) estimated a slip rate of ∼5 mm/year (Al‐Tarazi et al., 2011; Gomez et al., 2020; Hamiel, Masson, et al., 2018; Le Beon et al., 2008; Masson et al., 2015; Sadeh et al., 2012; Saleh & Backer, 2015). Similar rates were obtained farther north, along the southern section of the Jordan Valley (Gomez et al., 2020; Hamiel, Piatibratova, et al., 2018; Sadeh et al., 2012). Along the northern section of the Jordan Valley, north to the CGFS, slip rates between 3.6 and 4.1 mm/year were estimated (Gomez et al., 2020; Hamiel et al., 2016; Sadeh et al., 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variations of Slip and Creep Rates Along the Southern and Central Dead Sea Fault and the Carmel–Gilboa Fault System

Hamiel

Piatibratova

2021

JGR Solid Earth

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Crustal deformation and seismic activity in the Levant is mainly related to the interplate Dead Sea Fault (DSF) and the intraplate Carmel–Gilboa Fault System (CGFS). In this study, we analyze the interseismic deformation along these fault systems using 23 years of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements obtained from 209 campaign and 60 continuous stations. This GPS data set is the longest record and the densest data set for the DSF, the CGFS, and the Levant region. We use this data set to investigate the spatial variations of slip and creep rates along the southern and central sections of the DSF and the CGFS. Our inversion model results indicate that part of the tectonic motion is transferred from the DSF to the CGFS. We find that the left‐lateral strike‐slip motion along the DSF decreases in a rate of 0.9 ± 0.4 mm/year, from 4.8 ± 0.3 mm/year south to the intersection with the CGFS to 3.9 ± 0.4 mm/year north to this intersection. Along the CGFS, the left‐lateral strike‐slip motion ranges between ∼0.3 and 0.5 mm/year and the extension rate between ∼0.6 and 0.7 mm/year, indicating a total slip rate vector of 0.8 ± 0.4 mm/year in the DSF direction, in agreement with the reduction of slip rate along the DSF near the intersection with the CGFS. Shallow creep is found along the southern and central sections of the Dead Sea basin and the northern Jordan Valley section of the DSF, with creep rates of 3.4 ± 0.4 and 2.3 ± 0.4 mm/year, respectively. These creeping sections were identified as areas with thick Halite layers at the shallow subsurface. We suggest that shallow creep behavior along the DSF is govern by the presence and mechanical properties of the Halite, which probably allows plastic deformation and the transition to velocity strengthening at the shallow subsurface and promotes creep.

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A fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard model for Lebanon, controlling parameters and hazard levels

Kadri

Beauval

Brax

et al. 2023

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The present work develops a comprehensive probabilistic seismic hazard study for Lebanon, a country prone to a high seismic hazard since it is located along the Levant fault system. The historical seismicity has documented devastating earthquakes which have struck this area. Contrarily, the instrumental period is typical of a low-tomoderate seismicity region. The source model built is made of a smoothed seismicity earthquake forecast based on the Lebanese instrumental catalog, combined with a fault model including major and best-characterized faults in the area. Earthquake frequencies on faults are inferred from geological as well as geodetic slip rates.Uncertainties at every step are tracked and a sensitivity study is led to identify which parameters and decisions most influence hazard estimates. The results demonstrate that the choice of the recurrence model, exponential or characteristic, impacts the most the hazard, followed by the uncertainty on the slip rate, on the maximum magnitude that may break faults, and on the minimum magnitude applied to faults. At return periods larger than or equal to 475 years, the hazard in Lebanon is fully controlled by the sources on faults, and the off-fault model has a negligible contribution. We establish a source model logic tree populated with the key parameters, and combine this logic tree with three ground-motion models (GMMs) potentially adapted to the Levant region. A specific study is led in Beirut, located on the hanging-wall of the Mount Lebanon fault to understand where the contributions come from in terms of magnitudes, distances and sources. Running hazard calculations based on the logic tree, distributions of hazard estimates are obtained for selected sites, as well as seismic hazard maps at the scale of the country. Considering the PGA at 475 years of return period, mean hazard values found are larger than 0.3g for sites within a distance of 20 to 30km from the main strand of the Levant Fault, as well as in the coastal region in-between Saida and Tripoli (≥ 0.4g considering the 84 th percentile). The study provides detailed information on the hazard levels to expect in Lebanon, with the associated uncertainties, constituting a solid basis that may help taking decisions in the perspective of future updates of the Lebanese building code.

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Fragmentation of the Sinai Plate indicated by spatial variation in present-day slip rate along the Dead Sea Fault System

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

Interseismic Deformation From Sentinel‐1 Burst‐Overlap Interferometry: Application to the Southern Dead Sea Fault

Interseismic Deformation From Sentinel‐1 Burst‐Overlap Interferometry: Application to the Southern Dead Sea Fault

Spatial Variations of Slip and Creep Rates Along the Southern and Central Dead Sea Fault and the Carmel–Gilboa Fault System

A fault-based probabilistic seismic hazard model for Lebanon, controlling parameters and hazard levels

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