Fractures of lacustrine shale reservoirs, the Zhanhua Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China

Jiu, Kai; Ding, Wenlong; Huang, Wenhui; Zhang, Yeqian; Song, Zhao; Hu, Liping

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.08.009

Cited by 95 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…During this period, a series of grabens and half‐grabens were well developed along major NW‐ and NE‐trending fault sets (Yang & Xu, ). The syn‐rift sediments (65–24.6 Ma) unconformably overlying the Mesozoic basement, from bottom to top, mainly comprises the Paleogene Kongdian (Ek), Shahejie (Es), and Dongying formations (Ed) that were deposited primarily in fluvial–lacustrine environments (Jiu et al, ; Li, Liu, Niu, & Guo, ; Xia et al, ). When entered the post‐rift period (24.6 Ma to the present), the entire basin experienced thermal subsidence without intensive tectonism (Hao, Zhou, Zhu, Zou, & Yang, ; Li et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary features and their controls in a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system in a shallow lake area: An example from the BZ‐X block in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Xie

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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Mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sediments were well developed in the BZ‐X block as a subunit in the Huanghekou Sag in the southeastern part of the Bohai Bay Basin (China) during the Member 1 of the Shahejie Formation. An integrated approach based on detailed microscopic observation and core descriptions was applied to characterize the lithofacies types, facies associations, and depositional environment of the mixed sediments system. A detailed sedimentary facies analysis suggests that various lithofacies types can be grouped into four facies associations: mixed bioclastic sandy beaches (FA1), mixed clastic bioclastic shoal (FA2), mixed sandy oolitic shoals (FA3), and mixed distal bioclastic sandy beaches (FA4). These facies associations are interpreted to be deposited in varying depositional environments ranging from foreshore to shoreface setting in a shallow lake setting. An interplay of the climate regime, nearshore carbonate productivity, and current activity was proved to control the lithofacies types, dispersion and depositional environment change of mixed sediments in different depositional phases. Meter‐scale mixed cycles were found in this shallow lake setting and their features seem to differ from the classical mixed sediment models. It is suggested that these particular cycles in the stratigraphic record might indicate a typical mark of mixed sediment system in shallow areas of the lacustrine basin.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentary features and their controls in a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system in a shallow lake area: An example from the BZ‐X block in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Xie

et al. 2018

Geological Journal

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“…From an exploration and interpretation point of view, the Bohai Bay Basin is a mature basin. Exploration has focused on the lenticular turbidite sandstones, thin carbonate, tight sandstones, and shale resources in Es 3 across many sub-basins that share similar depositional history in the Bohai Bay Basin (Zhang et al 2012b;Jiu et al 2013;Jiang et al 2013a, b;Yang et al 2016). For the purpose of characterizing ''Hybrid Plays,'' the Jiyang Sub-basin is used as a representative petroleum system in the Bohai Bay Basin.…”

Section: Ha14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…barrels)/day. The He54 well in the Dongying Depression in the Jiyang Sub-basin produced at a rate of 91.3 tonnes (676 barrels)/day (Li et al 2006;Jiu et al 2013) and the Lei88 and Shugu165 wells produced oil at rates of 47 tonnes (345 barrels)/day and 21 tonnes (154 barrels)/day, respectively, from Es 3 hybrid tight carbonate and shale plays in Liaohe Sub-basin. The Pushen18-1, Wengu4 and horizontal Baimiaoping1 wells produced oil at initial rates of 420 tonnes (3108 barrels)/day, 120 tonnes (888 barrels)/day, and 40 tonnes (296 barrels)/day, respectively, from Hybrid Plays of tight sandstone and fractured shale in the Dongpu Sub-basin.…”

Section: Ha14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Zhang et al (2008b), see a for well locations). The Hybrid Plays were identified based on the lithofacies, geochemistry, and production test results; c West-east cross section showing the Es 3 sedimentary facies variation (Section location in a), compiled and reinterpreted from data published by Zhang et al (2008b) and Jiu et al (2013) Table 3 Properties of ''Hybrid Plays'' in source rock intervals of major lacustrine basins in China (most data based on 1000 ? sample tests compiled from Zou et al (2010Zou et al ( , 2013aZou et al ( , b, 2014 The porosity and permeability data for Ordos and Bohai Bay basins are based on 56 samples that were measured by Schlumberger-TerraTek in Salt Lake City Pet.…”

Section: Ha14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…barrels)/day (Du et al 2014). Due to the overwhelming focus and priority of business decisions to target shale plays, E&P targeting thin sandstone, siltstone and Table 1 Historical production rates from naturally fractured shales in lacustrine basins in China (compiled from Li et al 2006;Jiu et al 2013;Zhang et al 2014 carbonate interbeds within lacustrine shales seems to have been ignored previously, just as the shale plays were historically ignored in the tight sandstone oil and gas play exploration focus areas. Our recent detailed investigation of shale gas and shale oil plays in China found that the source rock intervals in China's lacustrine basins are highly heterogeneous, having dominantly organic-rich shale source rock with thin interbeds of organic-lean siltstone, sandstone and carbonates (Jiang et al 2015(Jiang et al , 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple-stacked Hybrid Plays of lacustrine source rock intervals: Case studies from lacustrine basins in China

et al. 2017

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Hydrocarbon-producing lacustrine basins are widely developed in the world, and China has a large number of lacustrine basins that have developed since the early Permian. The organic-rich shale-dominated heterogeneous source rock intervals in Chinese lacustrine basins generally contain frequent thin interbeds of stratigraphically associated sandstone, siltstone, marl, dolomite, and limestone. The concept of ''Hybrid Plays'' as put forth in this article recognizes this pattern of alternating organicrich shale and organic-lean interbeds and existence of mixed unconventional and conventional plays. Hybrid Plays in lacustrine source rock intervals present a unique closed petroleum system hosting continuous hydrocarbons. The interbedded organic-lean siliciclastic and/or carbonate plays are efficiently charged with hydrocarbons via short migration pathways from the adjacent organic-rich shale that is often also a self-sourced play. We assert ''Hybrid Plays'' provide the most realistic exploration model for targeting multiple-stacked and genetically related very tight shale, tight and conventional plays together in the entire source rock interval rather than individual plays only. The Hybrid Play model has been proven and works for a wide variety of lacustrine rift, sag and foreland basins in China.

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Tracing forming mechanism of the sparry calcite growth in the lacustrine shale of east China: A glimpse into the role of organic matter in calcite transformation

et al. 2022

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The formation of sparry calcite is very common in fine‐grained sedimentary rocks worldwide. Sparry calcite is formed from the diagenetic calcite crystals having a grain size > 50 μm. It is also widely distributed in the Es3x shale of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the Zhanhua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. The detailed investigations of the Es3x shale show that the sparite crystals start appearing at a burial depth > 3,000 m and the total organic carbon content (TOC) is >3 wt%. It indicates that the sparry calcite formed at high depths and in the most organic‐rich intervals of the studied shale. The presence of organic matter (OM) laminae parallel to the sparry calcite laminae, and sparry calcite along the edges of the OM show a direct physical relationship between sparry calcite and OM. It suggests that the diagenetic system was not influenced by hydrothermal fluids and only the OM is possibly responsible for the formation of sparry calcite in the studied shale. Sparry calcite forms in the thermally mature oil window, and oil generation in the Es3x shale causes the dissolution of micrite, providing the ions source for sparry calcite formation. Therefore, the geothermal gradient, as well as oil generation and kerogen maturation, are responsible for sparry calcite growth in the studied shale. The proposed model shows that the sparry calcite can form in the pores formed by elastic deformation as well as in the microfractures in the study area. In laminated shale, sparry calcite followed three stages of its formation, including (a) formation of laterally discrete calcite crystals, (b) lateral intergrowth of equant calcite crystals and (c) lateral intergrowth of fibrous calcite. Likewise, the genesis of sparry calcite in the non‐laminated shale also followed the same three phases; however, elastic deformation played a dominant and an important role in this variety of shale. Based on the detailed interpretations, we suggest that the OM, microfractures and elastic deformation act as major contributors in the formation and maturation of sparry calcite. We expect that this study also highlights the growth mechanism and maturation of sparry calcite in the Zhanhua Depression as well as other similar rift‐related basins around the globe.

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Fractures of lacustrine shale reservoirs, the Zhanhua Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China

Cited by 95 publications

References 23 publications

Sedimentary features and their controls in a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system in a shallow lake area: An example from the BZ‐X block in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Sedimentary features and their controls in a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate system in a shallow lake area: An example from the BZ‐X block in the Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, Eastern China

Multiple-stacked Hybrid Plays of lacustrine source rock intervals: Case studies from lacustrine basins in China

Tracing forming mechanism of the sparry calcite growth in the lacustrine shale of east China: A glimpse into the role of organic matter in calcite transformation

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