Fracture of titanium orthopaedic implants

Recent developments in the preparation, characterization and applications of glass- and glass–ceramic-to-metal seals and coatings

“…The resistance to corrosion provides the second major use of Ti in the chemical industry where high-corrosion-resistance is required [16][17][18]. The final major use is for orthopaedic implants where the mechanical properties, inertness and non-toxic behaviour of Ti combine to make it a reasonably acceptable biomaterial [19].…”

Effect of nanosilica type on protective properties of composite ceramic coatings deposited on steel 316L by sol–gel technique

“…The macroscopic examinations under magnifications up to 50,000· (Figs. [1][2][3][4] showed that all of the coatings were devoid of cracks. This is probably owing to the use of: a low R h value [52] (the higher the R h value, the larger the critical thickness of the coating and the higher the heat treatment temperature), acetic acid as the chelating agent [53] (which contributes to the formation of thicker layers) and homogenization of sols by ultrasounds (whereby a nanostructure can be obtained) [26].…”

“…TEOS ((C 2 H 5 O) 4 Si) was used as the precursor for producing SiO 2 coatings. The chemical composition of the sol is shown in Table 2.…”

“…The use of titanium and its alloys is limited by metalosis (i.e. the passing of metal ions into the biological environment [1][2][3]) and fretting corrosion [4]. The products of corrosion of such metals as: nickel, cobalt and chromium can accumulate in the body and act as carcinogens [5].…”

Stress–corrosion cracking by indentation techniques of a glass coating on Ti6Al4V for biomedical applications

“…1,2 However, once implanted, they become encapsulated by a dense fibrous tissue, which can result in interfacial failure and loosening of the implant. 3,4 A surface modification of the metallic implants using a bioacassociated with thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and the coating.…”