Fractionation of some polyethenoxy lauryl ethers

Abstract

SummaryMolecular distillation was applied to the fractionation of lauryl ether‐ethylene oxide condensates. It was shown that the distribution, in general, follows Poisson’s Law as applied to polyethylene glycols by Flory. Detergency studies on the individnal fractions indicate optimum soil removal at approximately seven ethenoxy units and optimum whiteness retention at about four ethenoxy units.

Surface-Active Alkylene Oxide Condensation Products. Determination of Polyethylene Glycols in Selected Cationic Ethylene Oxide Condensates

“…The surfactants are not single chemical species, because the starting hydrophobe is often a mixture and the ethylene oxide addition invariably gives a range of chain lengths, distributed about a most frequent value. Flory (7) predicted that the distribution should be Poissonian, and several investigators have reported data (S, 6,10,11,16) which show at least qualitative agreement with Flory's theory.…”

“…Ethoquad C/12 and C/25 are monomethyl quaternary ammonium salts containing 2 and 15 moles, respectively, of ethylene oxide. from which it follows that each mole (44 + 18 grams) of polyglycol requires y formula weights (10 equivalents) of dichromate.…”

The reactions of alkylene oxides with various butyl and other alcohols

“…The Poisson distribution has been reported to describe the base-catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide with ethylene glyeol (2), and also the reaction of ethylene oxide with lauryl aleohol (3). Other theoretieal distributions have been advanced in which the relative reaetivities of either all (4) or some (2,7) of the alcohols formed are considered unequal.…”

“…TN PREVIOUS COMMUNICATIONS from this laboratory 1( 1,2), data were presented showing improvement in yields of products when methanesulfonie acid was used in place of sulfuric acid (3,4) as catalyst-solvent for the addition of phenols and phenyl ethers to oleic acid. Infrared studies of the phenol addition reaction gave support to the theory that the addition proceeds via the formation of an intermediate which subsequently rearranges to give the substituted phenol instead of the phenoxy ether.…”

Rapid Determination of Molecular Weight Distribution of Polyoxyethylene-Type Nonionic Surfactants by Circular Thin Layer Chromatography.

“…Previously, a molecular distribution (3,5) was used to obtain the molecular weight distribution of nonionic surfactants. With materials of a low polymerization degree, the distribution was compared with the Poisson distribution or Weibull's by Nagase (7).…”