Fractionation and determination of phenolic and flavonoid compound from Moringa oleifera leaves

Abstract

Moringa oleifera is one of the nutrient-dense multipurpose plants that grows in Indonesia. M. oleifera leaf extract contains many phenolic compounds and flavonoids, one of them is quercetin compounds. In this study, total phenolic, total flavonoid, and quercetin compounds were determined based on their fraction as free phenolic acids (FPA), phenolic acid ester (PAE), and phenolic acid glycosides (PAG) which separated by phenolic acid fractionation methods. Fractionation method was done by liquid-liquid extraction. Total Phenolic compounds and flavonoid were determined using spectrophotometric UV-Vis. The concentration of quercetin was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Total phenolics in the crude extract (CE), FPA, PAE, and PAG fractions respectively were 50.2042; 5.7963; 1.5260; and 0.0617 mg/g GAE. The total flavonoids in the CE, FPA, PAE, and PAG fractions were 25.6627; 1.7207; 1.0510; and 0.2843 mg/g QE. The quercetin compounds in the CE, FPA, PAE, and PAG fractions were 1.7123; 1.9607; 0.1921; and 0.5067 μg/g. Moringa oleifera is potential natural sources for phenolic and flavonoid, particularly of quercetin.

Optimizing the extraction parameters of phenolics and flavonoids from Bouea macrophylla Griff leaves using ultrasound-assisted extraction and evaluating their antioxidant abilities

“…Determination of total flavonoid content A NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH complex colorimetric assay was detailed following a method by Martono and his peers with a slight alteration [11]. Briefly, 100 μl of extract was diluted with distilled water (4.9 ml), then 5% sodium nitrite (0.3 ml) was added to the test tube and left to stand for 6 minutes.…”

The Potential of Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) in Herbal Medicine as Anti-Inflammatory Agent

“…A reaction occurred between the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and phenolic compounds in the sample, forming a molybdenum-tungsten complex in determining the total phenolic content of VA leaves extract. This reagent oxidizes phenolics (alkali salts) or phenolic-hydroxy groups, reducing the heteropoly acid (phosphomolybdatephosphotungstic) in the Folin-Ciocalteau to a molybdenum-tungsten complex (Martono et al, 2019). Phenolic compounds react with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent only in an alkaline environment to cause the dissociation of protons in phenolic compounds into phenolic ions (Carmona-Hernandez et al, 2021).…”

“…During the reaction, the hydroxyl group on the phenolic compound reacts with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent. The blue color formed will be more concentrated, equivalent to the concentration of phenolic ions formed, meaning that the greater the concentration of phenolic compounds, the more phenolic ions will reduce heteropoly acid into a molybdenum-tungsten complex (Martono et al, 2019). In this study, incubation was carried out for 30 minutes at 25 -27 C to optimize the reaction between phenolic compounds and reagents.…”

The Effect of Various Sterilization Methods and Volume Containers on Phytochemical Content of Methanol Extract of Phyllanthus urinaria

“…The total phenolic content of the extract was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent in an alkaline atmosphere. The principle of this method is the formation of complex blue compounds that can be measured at a wavelength of 765 nm [17]. The principle of this method is the reduction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) in the presence of phenolics, resulting in the production of molybdenum-tungsten blue that is measured spectrophotometrically at 765 nm.…”

“…Based on testing, phenolics were only detected in meniran extract using methanol solvent. This phenomenon can be attributed to methanol's polar nature, which enables it to effectively dissolve phenolic compounds, which are also polar [17]. Phenolic content was determined at a wavelength of 765 nm according to the maximum Folin Ciocalteau wavelength using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.…”