Fractional versus ablative erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser resurfacing for facial rejuvenation: An objective evaluation

Multiple fractional erbium: yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser sessions for upper facial rejuvenation: clinical and histological implications and expectations

“…who reported that thermally damaged collagen inside the MTZs is completely replaced with new collagen after 3 months and demonstrated an immunohistochemical evidence of increased collagen III production 7 days after fractional photothermolysis. Moreover, both ablative and fractional Er:YAG laser resurfacing for facial rejuvenation increased collagen I, III, and VII concentrations . Therefore, neocollagen formation, in and around MTZs, is an expected wound healing response.…”

“…Elastin is synthesized as a precursor, tropoelastin, with a characteristic composition . Quantitatively, the relative amount of elastin in photoaged facial skin shows a gradual and significant increase with aging, particularly in old ages …”

“…Epidermal thickness and immunohistochemical evaluation were carried out by 2 independent blinded dermatopathologists. A single staining technique was used for each stain and each marker …”

“…Recent studies showed that multiple sessions of fractional lasers could give better results . Moreover, multiple fractional Er:YAG laser sessions induced clinically and histologically correlated improvement in collagen when compared to single ablative Er:YAG laser resurfacing session …”

Fractional carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of rhytides and photoageing: a prospective study using profilometric analysis

“…As predefined in the study protocol, we did not use pain medication other than metamizol and ibuprofen before treatment. To avoid increased water absorption into the skin, we did not use any topical anaesthetic cream as used by other investigators . Intensified cold air cooling reduces pain but, in our experience, also reduces treatment efficacy; therefore we used low levels.…”