Fractional order modelling of omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant containing heart attack effect using real data from the United Kingdom

Fractal–fractional operator for COVID-19 (Omicron) variant outbreak with analysis and modeling

“…Few studies on COVID 19 dynamics from different stances can be found in [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] . A fractional order pandemic model is developed to examine the spread of COVID-19 with and without Omicron variant and its relationship with heart attack using real data from the United Kingdom [24] . The interactions between COVID-19 and diabetes are investigated using real data from Turkey [25] .…”

An optimal control strategy and Grünwald-Letnikov finite-difference numerical scheme for the fractional-order COVID-19 model

“…Mathematical modelling of epidemic diseases is very helpful for control strategies to a disease. Recently, a number of interesting papers have been developed regarding the modelling of the coronavirus, see for example [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. It has recently come to light that Fractional Differential Equations (FDE) can be successfully applied in mathematical modelling in various fields, including epidemics [10].…”

Assessing the potential impact of COVID-19 Omicron variant: Insight through a fractional piecewise model

“…Since the outbreak of coronavirus, several mathematical models are proposed in various ways to control or reduce the risk of disease transmission worldwide. These includes the use integer and fractional modeling frameworks for different countries incorporating non-pharmaceutical interventions/vaccine [8] , environmental factors [9] , [10] , dead compartments [11] , Omicron variants [8] , [12] , [13] , [14] , social distancing [15] , optimal control [16] , [17] , super spreaders [18] . In particular, authors in [15] used an integer order model to quantify the effect of social distancing on the transmission dynamics of the coronavirus spread in South Africa.…”

“…In addition, other non-pharmaceutical measures may need to be reintroduced to prevent hospital admissions in England from exceeding those seen during the previous peak in winter 2020–2021. Few other fractional models and integer models [8] , [13] , [14] that have also modeled Omicron variant incorporating non-pharmaceutical interventions and vaccine [13] while in [8] the authors created and used real data from the United Kingdom to investigate the spread of COVID-19 with and without the Omicron variation and its connection with heart attack.…”