Fraction of the peripheral blood concentration of CD56+/CD16−/CD3− cells in total natural killer cells as an indication of fertility and infertility

Expressions of natural cytotoxicity receptors and NKG2D on decidual natural killer cells in patients having spontaneous abortions

“…Interestingly, they found that the peripheral CD56 bright dNK expressed higher NKp46 than CD56 dim dNK, which paralleled with what we found in decidual NK cells. Previous reports found that the peripheral CD56 þ CD16 þ dNK increased and CD56 þ CD16 À dNK decreased in patients who failed IVF-embryo transfer and had miscarriages (35,36), which paralleled with what was found in decidual of patients with SA (30)(31)(32). These reports could explain the lower level of CD56 þ /NKp46 þ dNK cells in patients with recurrent SA found in the study by Fukui et al In our study, we determined the expression of NKp46 on CD56 bright CD16 À dNK and CD56 dim CD16 þ dNK.…”

Detailed Analysis of Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells in Women with Repeated IVF Failure

“…claim that elevated numbers of peripheral blood natural killer cells or higher levels of natural killer activity are predictors of pregnancy loss. This finding has been supported by a number of further studies including assessment of NK cell numbers, activation status by CD69 and the chromium‐51 assay . Other studies have concluded that while levels may be higher, they are not predictive of outcome …”

Pleiotropic roles of melatonin in endometriosis, recurrent spontaneous abortion, and polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Melatonin is an effective therapeutic candidate for EMS due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammation ability or its endocrine modulation function via hormone pathways. 99 Therefore, it may be hypothesized that the ratio of cytotoxic CD56 dim cells to cytokine-producing CD56 bright cells, rather than the numbers of NK cells present, may be significant. 88 Progesterone is essential to achieve and maintains a healthy pregnancy.…”

“…98 Women with RSA have more CD56 dim cells and fewer CD56 bright cells. 99 Therefore, it may be hypothesized that the ratio of cytotoxic CD56 dim cells to cytokine-producing CD56 bright cells, rather than the numbers of NK cells present, may be significant. As a potential regulator of the immune system, melatonin increases NK cell levels and NK cell activity.…”