Fractal scaling properties of heart rate dynamics following resistance exercise training

Heffernan, Kevin S.; Sosnoff, Jacob J.; Fahs, Christopher A.; Shinsako, Kevin K.; Jae, Sae Young; Fernhall, Bo

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00150.2008

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…This may be a compensatory mechanism aimed at combating postural distribution of blood during prolonged rest in a seated position immediately following brief 'all-out' exercise in our older subjects. As noted in the methods, satisfactory reproducibility was achieved between baseline visits (Maestri et al 2007), although ICC values were lower than previously reported for traditional measures of HR variability (HeVernan et al 2008a, b). This may have been caused by our small sample size, our older sample population, and/or the small mean values of measures, all factors aVecting ICC values.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…These measures may be advantageous to deal with the high irregularity and non-stationarity observed in human HR data (Lipsitz 2002). Indeed, nonlinear HR research has noted improved prognostic value (Huikuri et al 2000) and signiWcant changes with exercise interventions (HeVernan et al 2007, 2008a, Millar et al 2009), compared with traditional measures of HR variability. In terms of acute IHG, Stewart et al (2007) previously reported no signiWcant changes in HR variability following a single 2-min isometric contraction in the left hand at 35% of MVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isometric handgrip exercise improves acute neurocardiac regulation

et al. 2009

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Isometric handgrip (IHG) training (>6 weeks) has been shown to reduce resting arterial blood pressure (ABP) and improve cardiac autonomic modulation. However, the effects of a single bout of IHG on acute neurocardiac regulation remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of IHG exercise on nonlinear heart rate dynamics and cardiac vagal activity. Nonlinear dynamics were assessed by sample entropy, detrended fluctuation analysis (alpha(1)), and correlation dimension techniques. The 4-second exercise test was used to calculate the cardiac vagal index (CVI), an indirect measure of cardiac vagal activity. In a randomized crossover design, 18 older (70 +/- 5 years of age) subjects completed IHG exercise (four 2-min isometric contractions at 30% MVC) and a time-matched control condition. Following a single bout of bilateral IHG, there was a small reduction in systolic blood pressure (125 +/- 2 to 122 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.01), in addition to, a significant decrease in alpha(1) (1.42 +/- 0.12 to 1.22 +/- 0.10, P < 0.05), an increase in sample entropy (1.28 +/- 0.03 to 1.40 +/- 0.05, P < 0.001), and an increase in the CVI (1.24 +/- 0.03 to 1.29 +/- 0.03, P < 0.01). These results suggest improvements in acute cardiac autonomic modulation following a single bout of IHG. This may be mechanistically linked to the observed reductions in ABP seen in previous IHG training studies. Alternatively, these acute effects may have clinical applications and require further investigation.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isometric handgrip exercise improves acute neurocardiac regulation

et al. 2009

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“…2,4 Furthermore, when incorporated into a comprehensive program of fitness it is also capable of promoting weight loss, increasing the sense of wellbeing, preserving functional capacity and improving cardiovascular function and cardiac autonomic modulation. 5,6 Among the benefits provided by resistance training, its influence on cardiac autonomic modulation draws our attention because the autonomic nervous system controls some of the internal functions of the body and, accordingly, deserves detailed attention in interpreting the findings.…”

Section: B Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of resistance training on cardiac autonomic modulation: literature review

Barbosa¹,

Silva²,

Bernardo³

et al. 2014

Medical Express

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Among the benefits provided by resistance training, its influence on cardiac autonomic modulation draws attention, given the importance of the autonomic nervous system in the control of the internal functions of the body. The objective of this narrative review was to gather information about the effects of resistance training on autonomic modulation in healthy young adults, assessed through heart rate variability. This search was performed in May 2013 in the following databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Literature and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), with articles published between January 2003 and March 2013. The keywords used were: "resistance training," "lifting," "exercise therapy" crossreferenced with "autonomic nervous system" and "parasympathetic nervous system" and also the term "heart rate variability". Of the 1,940 titles found, 3 complete articles were selected to compose the review. Data were analyzed qualitatively. The analysis of these studies suggests that resistance training can change the heart rate variability indices in the population of healthy young adults and that this change is due to increased vagal activity, provided by the practice of this type of training.

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“…However, it is well-known that fractal scaling properties have a bi-directional pattern of responses, which may mask detection of significant modulations. 48 Values approaching ~ 0.5 reflect an increasingly random signal (i.e., white noise), while those nearing ~ 1.5 reflect a strongly correlated signal (i.e., Brownian noise).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48,49 In order to address that bi-directional nature of DFA, we calculated distance scores from the optimal value of α 1 =1, as proposed by Millar et al 37 and found a significantly lower value in men compared to women (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Elite Athletes Heart Rate Dynamics Following a Supra Maximal Complex Effort

Lafarga

Navarro

Mateo

et al. 2017

MOJSM

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Abbreviations: HRV, heart rate variability; ANS, autonomic nervous system; HR, heart rate; DFA, detrended fluctuation analysis; BSJT, blasco specific judo test; VO 2 max, maximum oxygen consumption; SDNN, standard deviation of normal R-R intervals; Rmssd, root mean square difference of successive normal R-R intervals; LF, low frequency power; HF, high frequency power; TP, total power; SPSS, statistical package for the social sciences; ES, effect size; SD, ftandard deviation; RFD, rate of force development; TL PU, time limit pull-up; RFEYDA, spanish judo federation. IntroductionDuring the last decade, Heart Rate Variability (HRV), analyzed both in time and spectral domains, has been widely used as a noninvasive marker of that ANS regulation of HR dynamics after exercise. Several studies have actually used it to explore post exercise parasympathetic reactivation and evaluate the influence of exercise duration and intensity, 1−9 In this context, the nonlinear approaches have shown to be a way to gain additional information regarding cardiac autonomic modulation after exercise.3,10−12 Unlike time domain and spectral measures, nonlinear methods detect qualitative rather than quantitative changes in HR dynamics.13,14 Fractal analysis, through Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) technique, could be considered as a modification of spectral analysis; but unlike the latter, the former is thought not to be polluted by changes in the external environment,15−17 what makes it especially suitable for assessing HR dynamics in field-based situations. However, only a pair of studies regarding post exercise HRV recovery had previously focused on gender comparison. 18,19 Brown and Brown 18 found no significant differences in any frequency domain HRV index after a VO 2 max test to exhaustion in a trained Master athlete's sample. On the contrary, very recently Mendonca et al. 19 in a non-athletes sample, showed that cardiac autonomic function of women is greater affected by supra maximal exercise than that of men.Concerning autonomic regulation following judo-type efforts, Cottin et al.20 compared a judo combat versus an incremental cycloergometric exercise, but they evaluated the exercise-phase and not the recovery-phase. And very recently, some studies with judokas have shown that HRV and more specifically the non-linear analyses, are suitable to reflect the autonomic impairment following supra maximal efforts, with lower DFA in those judokas who were able to perform better (i.e. more repetitions in a supra maximal test). 2,3However, none of these studies has focused in gender differences regarding HR dynamics and autonomic recovery following judo supra maximal efforts. Even more, little research has been conducted with regard to gender differences in judo performance in an integrative test, with high demands on specific explosive-strength endurance and technical stability under fatigue.We need to deepen on the relationship among specific technical skills and conditional capacities with regard to these HR dynamics during recovery ...

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Fractal scaling properties of heart rate dynamics following resistance exercise training

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Isometric handgrip exercise improves acute neurocardiac regulation

Isometric handgrip exercise improves acute neurocardiac regulation

Influence of resistance training on cardiac autonomic modulation: literature review

Gender Differences in Elite Athletes Heart Rate Dynamics Following a Supra Maximal Complex Effort

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