Fractal Antenna Geometries: A Review

Khanna, Ghriti; Sharma, Narinder

doi:10.5120/ijca2016912106

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…In the state of the art, a comparison between the results obtained by us in this study and the other authors from the scientific specialized literature is welcomed. us, size, shape, and gain are generally better or closer than [2,3], as also highlighted in more depth at a thorough literature review made on this occasion in the next chapters, references cited in text where the exact comparisons are being made. Our values can be found in the results chapter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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On the 5G Communications: Fractal-Shaped Antennas for PPDR Applications

Nichita

Paun

Paun³

et al. 2021

Complexity

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In this study, one method of using antennas based on fractals to cover few kinds of public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) communications was presented. Dedicated antenna forms, necessary for antenna design by 5G implementation, were enhanced to suit the requirements of specific applications. Employing fractal-shaped antennas have allowed us to accomplish all these actions, which request compact, conformal, and broadband high performance devices. Antennas derived from Koch’s curve fractals are studied. In order to implement PPDR communications in 5G technology, frequency bandwidths of importance have been carefully selected and properly included in the antenna developments under MATLAB environment. Important information necessary for antenna designers, such as 360 degrees directivity at various frequencies, the impedance (resistance and reactance) along the bandwidth of interest, as well as voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) along the bandwidth of interest for dipole, one-iteration, and two-iteration Koch’s curves, respectively, have been obtained. The characteristic of directivity at selected frequencies is also highlighted. In order to maximize antenna parameters, this study has successfully proposed using fractal antennas, objects that use self-similarity property of fractals for optimum operation in several frequency ranges. For the studied antennas, we have obtained the following results regarding the maximum gains in dBi (which is the unit of the ratio between the gains of the antenna compared to the gain of an isotropic antenna). For the dipole antennas, the gains are 2.73 dBi and 4.76 dBi at 460 MHz and 770 MHz, respectively. The gains for one-iteration fractal Koch antenna are 6.91 dBi and 4.51 dBi at 460 MHz and 770 MHz, respectively, and finally, for two-iteration fractal Koch antenna, the gains are 4.91 dBi and 3.28 dBi at 460 MHz and 770 MHz, respectively. Moreover, the impedance along the bandwidth is approximately 360 Ohms for two-iteration fractal Koch antenna, 180 Ohms for one-iteration fractal Koch antenna, and 140 Ohms for dipole antenna, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…e VSWR values, from Figure 18, show that most of the power to be delivered to the antennas is actually radiated by the antennas. For the first couple of bandwidths, the dipole and the two-iteration fractal are the most suitable, whereas for the second couple of bandwidths, the resulting antenna is much better [2,18,19].…”

Section: Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the 5G Communications: Fractal-Shaped Antennas for PPDR Applications

Nichita

Paun

Paun³

et al. 2021

Complexity

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“…The goal to achieve size-compactness and multiband/wideband response can be attained by the exploitation of fractal geometries in antennas [2]. Various fractals such as Koch curve, Hilbert curve, Sierpinski and Minkowski fractals have been investigated and implemented in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sierpinski-Carpet Fractal Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Ku/K/Ka Band Application

Masroor¹,

Ansari²,

Aslam³

et al. 2021

PIER M

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This work discusses the effect of reconfigurability on a Sierpinski-carpet fractal microstrip patch antenna. The implementation of reconfigurability is achieved by modeling a PIN diode as a lumped RC element on HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) simulation tool. The proposed antenna design is also fabricated and tested. It is highly miniaturized having a dimension of 9.5 mm × 7.4 mm and a significantly high impedance bandwidth which is desirable for most wireless communication applications. The resultant Fractal Reconfigurable Antenna (FRA) exhibits good performance parameters having frequency reconfigurability rendering it useful for Ku/K/Ka band applications.

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“…Microstrip antennas have certain restrictions like polarization problems, low gain, single operating frequency, low impedance bandwidth, and narrow bandwidth [2]. There are some techniques which have improved the performance capabilities of antenna parameters, which are fractal geometry [3], metamaterial [4][5][6][7], array configuration [8], Electromagnetic Band Gap structures (EBGs) [9], Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIWs) [10], Defected Ground Structures (DGSs) [11,12], different feeding techniques [13], multilayer antennas [14], Defected Microstrip Structures (DMSs) [15], Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSSs) [16], W shape slots, M-slots, and eight shape with proper location in a patch [17][18][19], and distinctive shapes or a combination of them are inserted as slits and notches on the surface of the patch to enhance the performance of a antenna [20]. The equivalent circuit of a DGS is composed of a tuned parallel LC resonating circuit which is series with a microstrip line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized and Gain Enhancement of Tapered Patch Antenna Using Defected Ground Structure and Metamaterial Superstrate for GPS Applications

Suvarna¹,

Ramamurthy²,

Vardhan³

2021

PIER C

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The main intention to present this work is to miniaturize and gain enhancement of a tapered microstrip patch antenna, which resonates for Global Positioning System (GPS) of L1 band at 1.575 GHz. To accomplish this, we present a new design configuration of a Tap-Shaped Defected Ground Structure (TSDGS). It has been utilized to switch the resonant frequency from 14.5 GHz to 1.575 GHz with no adjustment of areas of the actual Tapered Microstrip Patch Antenna (TMPA). The prototype antenna is fabricated on a Roger RT Duroid substrate merely 58 × 22 mm 2. Conclusively, a miniaturization allowed up to 89.31%, with regard to the TMPA, is excellently accomplished. The gain of the proposed antenna is successfully enhanced with properly locating the metamaterial superstrate onto the basic patch antenna. A gain of 7 dBi improvement has been achieved. The proposed design process is done with two different solvers, ADS and HFSS.

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Fractal Antenna Geometries: A Review

Cited by 16 publications

References 8 publications

On the 5G Communications: Fractal-Shaped Antennas for PPDR Applications

On the 5G Communications: Fractal-Shaped Antennas for PPDR Applications

Sierpinski-Carpet Fractal Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Ku/K/Ka Band Application

Miniaturized and Gain Enhancement of Tapered Patch Antenna Using Defected Ground Structure and Metamaterial Superstrate for GPS Applications

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