Fração de câncer de cabeça e pescoço atribuível ao tabaco e ao álcool em cidades de três regiões brasileiras

Abstract

Objectives:To estimate the fraction of head and neck cancer (HNC) attributable to tobacco and alcohol in cities in the Midwest, Southeast and South regions of Brazil. Methods: Case-control study including 1,594 cases of HNC and 1,292 hospital controls. The association of HNC with tobacco and alcohol was estimated by the odds ratio and respective 95% confidence intervals through non-conditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, schooling, consumption of fruits and vegetables, alcohol drinking (to examine the tobacco effect), and tobacco smoking (to examine the alcohol effect). The proportions of HNC attributable to tobacco and alcohol were estimated through the attributable fraction (AF) calculation. Separate estimates were made for Goiânia (Midwest), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Southeast) and Pelotas and Porto Alegre (South). Results: The HNC fraction attributable to smoking was slightly higher in Goiânia (AF = 90%) than in cities in the Southeast (AF = 87%) and South (AF = 86%). The HNC fraction attributable to the consumption of alcoholic beverages presented similar and higher results in the cities of Southeast (AF = 78%) and South (AF = 77%) than in Goiânia (AF = 62%). Conclusion: The HNC fractions attributable to smoking were more expressive than for alcohol consumption. Although with discrete distinctions between them, the AFs to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in HNC observed in the cities of these three Brazilian regions were similar to those obtained in Latin America studies, but they were higher than in other parts in the world.

COVID-19 and the teacher’s voice: self-perception and contributions of speech therapy to voice and communication during the pandemic

“…Overload because of the accumulation and overlapping of professional and homebased tasks may contribute to the stress and general tiredness mentioned by the participants. In addition, more than 16% reported an increase in the consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking, and/or use of other drugs, which should be considered not only as risk factors for voice worsening but also for the emergence of other diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux (20) and head and neck cancer (21).…”

Avaliação Epidemiológica De Pacientes Com Câncer De Boca E Orofaringe Da Liga Mossoroense De Estudos E Combate Ao Câncer

“…Quanto ao gênero, houve prevalência masculina (70,6%) corroborando com a literatura que reconhece serem os homens mais propensos ao câncer em função de fatores como: hábito de fumar (83,3%), consumo de bebida alcoólica pelo menos uma vez por mês (87%), excesso de peso e um menor consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras 2,13 . Dos pacientes analisados, somente 20,3% tinham alta escolaridade (considerando, nível médio 15,3%, ensino superior incompleto 0,8% e ensino superior completo 4,2%), já os indivíduos com baixa escolaridade foram a maioria, com 79,7% (categorizados em analfabetos 8,5%, nível fundamental incompleto 61,9% e fundamental completo 9,3%), estando de acordo com Andrade 3 (2015), Kfouri et al 14 (2018) e Maciel 15 (2021), de forma que em todos os estudos, o menor grau de escolaridade refletiu diretamente na maior propensão ao consumo de álcool e tabaco, piores condições de saúde bucal e maiores carências nutricionais 6 .…”

Genética do câncer de cabeça e pescoço: Avanços na pesquisa molecular

“…Hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs) e N-nitrosaminas voláteis, e também Nnitrosaminas específicas do tabaco são considerados os principais carcinógenos na fumaça do tabaco (Starek & Podolak, 2009). É essencial a continuidade, bem como incentivo de estratégias e planos de ação que visem prevenção e combate ao alcoolismo e tabagismo, pois de acordo com estimativas, a redução do consumo de tais, contribuiriam consideravelmente na diminuição a carga dos casos (Kfouri et al, 2018).…”