FPGA-based measurement of melt pool size in laser cladding systems

Colodron, Pablo; Fariña, José; Rodríguez-Andina, Juan J.; Vidal, F.; Mato, J.L.; Montealegre, M. A.

doi:10.1109/isie.2011.5984383

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, geometric variations of the target surface (such as holes, steps, or protrusions) negatively affect the behavior of the control system and, in turn, the quality of the obtained results. These problems can be overcome using systems that measure the geometry (e.g., height [13] or width [9], in two different applications) of the melt pool created by the laser beam by optical means and image processing techniques. Clad width measurements allow the degree of dilution (the relationship between the melted area of the substrate and the amount of added material) to be estimated, as shown in Figure 2, so this is the approach followed in this work.…”

Section: Limitations Of the Current Industrial Laser Cladding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the initial FPGA implementation [9], the image is first captured and stored in memory, and later it is binarized and eroded. The binarization of the image is performed by defining a gray-level threshold with which pixel values are compared.…”

Section: Fpga-based Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, process monitoring was enhanced by using a vision system based on a CMOS camera and an FPGA-based image-processing system [9], which was later further improved in terms of its robustness to optical defects [10]. The FPGA system was then extended to incorporate a digital PI controller [11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FPGA system was then extended to incorporate a digital PI controller [11]. Both the monitoring and control systems presented in [9]- [11] outperformed the preexisting ones used in the industry and overcame some of their limitations. However, having a fixed control structure presents some practical limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Industrial Laser Cladding Systems: FPGA-Based Adaptive Control

Rodríguez-Araújo

Rodríguez-Andina

Fariña

et al. 2012

EEE Ind. Electron. Mag.

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Section: Limitations Of the Current Industrial Laser Cladding Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fpga-based Monitoring Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Industrial Laser Cladding Systems: FPGA-Based Adaptive Control

Rodríguez-Araújo

Rodríguez-Andina

Fariña

et al. 2012

EEE Ind. Electron. Mag.

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“…Given the advantages provided by FPGA in control system design [7][8][9] , in this paper an FPGA-based control system is proposed, and its performance is demonstrated to be significantly better than the existing PC-based solutions, allowing the technique to be successfully integrated with an adaptive optical system to used for cladding of small parts or complex geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time laser cladding control with variable spot size

et al. 2014

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Laser cladding processing has been used in different industries to improve the surface properties or to reconstruct damaged pieces. In order to cover areas considerably larger than the diameter of the laser beam, successive partially overlapping tracks are deposited. With no control over the process variables this conduces to an increase of the temperature, which could decrease mechanical properties of the laser cladded material. Commonly, the process is monitored and controlled by a PC using cameras, but this control suffers from a lack of speed caused by the image processing step. The aim of this work is to design and develop a FPGA-based laser cladding control system. This system is intended to modify the laser beam power according to the melt pool width, which is measured using a CMOS camera. All the control and monitoring tasks are carried out by a FPGA, taking advantage of its abundance of resources and speed of operation. The robustness of the image processing algorithm is assessed, as well as the control system performance. Laser power is decreased as substrate temperature increases, thus maintaining a constant clad width. This FPGA-based control system is integrated in an adaptive laser cladding system, which also includes an adaptive optical system that will control the laser focus distance on the fly. The whole system will constitute an efficient instrument for part repair with complex geometries and coating selective surfaces. This will be a significant step forward into the total industrial implementation of an automated industrial laser cladding process

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A method for melt pool state monitoring in laser-based direct energy deposition based on DenseNet

Yuan

Liu

et al. 2022

Measurement

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FPGA-based measurement of melt pool size in laser cladding systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Industrial Laser Cladding Systems: FPGA-Based Adaptive Control

Industrial Laser Cladding Systems: FPGA-Based Adaptive Control

Real-time laser cladding control with variable spot size

A method for melt pool state monitoring in laser-based direct energy deposition based on DenseNet

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