FPGA based fault-tolerant control on an interleaved DC/DC boost converter for fuel cell electric vehicle applications

Abstract

Available online xxxKeywords: PEMFC Interleaved DC/DC converter Electric vehicle Power switch fault Fault-tolerant control Degraded operating mode a b s t r a c t In recent years, the effects of high-frequency current ripple coming from DC/DC converters on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) have gained a growing interest from the international scientific community. Currently, the durability is one of the major technical challenges to PEMFC commercialization. Basing on the existing literature, the highfrequency current ripple leads up to long-term degradations on PEMFC, particularly on its lifetime. Accordingly, in order to enhance the PEMFC lifetime, new DC/DC converter topologies have been developed, such as Interleaved DC/DC Boost Converter (IBC). Despite this topology can minimize drastically the current ripple, the loss of one leg in case of power switch fault leads up to the drastic increasing of the current ripple and consequently long-term degradations on the PEMFC. In order to cope with this issue, solutions have to be developed. Within the framework of this research work, an efficient Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) implemented on an FPGA board has been developed to solve this issue. The latter consists in changing the PWM gate control signal according to the faulty leg given by a fault detection algorithm. The obtained experimental results between a PEMFC and an IBC topology allows demonstrating the ability of the FTC to reduce drastically the current ripple in case of power switch faults.

Optimal energy management strategies for the electric vehicles compiling bibliometric maps

“…They collected experimental data and concluded that this prediction may be applied in degradation prediction for real conditions. In Reference 63 Guilbert et al highlight that FTC has the ability to reduce significantly the current ripple in the power switch faults.…”

A review of fault tolerant control strategies applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems

“…Guilbert et al [13,15] applied a FTC strategy to the DC/DC con verter of a PEMFC. The considered converter is made with 3 legs.…”

“…On a Hardware-In-Loop test bench with a twin screw compressor and real time fuel cell emulation system. [15] FTC method which involve the change of the Pulse-width modulation gate control signal. The method is applied to the electric vehicle using a PEMFC stack.…”

Fault Tolerant Boost Converter with Multiple Serial Inputs and Output Voltage Regulation for Vehicle-to-Aid Services

“…The authors of [15] presented an interleaved boost topology that is robust to failures through the redundancy of the input meshes for a single power supply. Although they presented experimental results, the modeling, uncertainty, and stability analysis were missing.…”

“…15 show the output ripples obtained for nominal operation, e 2 drop, and e 3 drop respectively. It can be noticed that the ripple increased considerably as the fall in the voltages of the other sources is greater.Energies 2020, 13, 1694 18 of 22 Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 20 of 23…”