FPA development: from InGaAs, InSb, to HgCdTe

Yuan, Henry; Apgar, Gary; Kim, Jong-Woo; Laquindanum, Joyce G.; Nalavade, Varsha; Beer, Paul; Kimchi, Joe; Wong, Ted

doi:10.1117/12.782735

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The reduced responsivity at short wavelengths is due to the absorption in the buffers layers. The decrease in the responsivity (with increasing wavelength) in the 1.8-2.6 lm wavelength interval is due to the decrease in the quantum efficiency as observed by the other groups [9]. The room temperature peak detectivity (measured) is above 2 Â 10 10 cm Hz 1/2 /W being close to the theoretical limit set by the Johnson noise of the detectors.…”

Section: Work Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A 320 Â 256 FPA (grown with MOCVD) with 2.6 lm room temperature cut-off and 30 lm pitch was reported in 2008 [9]. A 512 Â 512 FPA with 27 lm pitch yielded flat field pixel response histogram with full width at half maximum of 8% [15].…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It was also observed that the dark current was bulk (not surface) generated [1,4]. More promising growth techniques for high uniformity (over a large area) such as Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) and Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (GSMBE) were also employed for the growth of extended InGaAs detector epilayers with graded InAsP and InAlAs buffer layers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. MOCVD grown planar detectors with an absorber doping density of 5 Â 10 16 cm À3 yielded dark current density as low as 1 nA/cm 2 at 150 K [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended wavelength SWIR InGaAs focal plane array: Characteristics and limitations

Arslan

Oguz

Besikci

2015

Infrared Physics & Technology

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Section: Work Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extended wavelength SWIR InGaAs focal plane array: Characteristics and limitations

Arslan

Oguz

Besikci

2015

Infrared Physics & Technology

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“…Previous nanosatellite missions have used from 1024 to 2048 pixels per side 38 and COTS FPAs of up to 1260 X 1260 pixels with InGaAs detectors with spectral range up to wavelengths of 2.6 μm have been documented in literature 73 , which makes the value COTS achievable. The baseline case will be 1000X1000 pixels to simulate the most stringent requirements, unless other requirements push the number down further.…”

Section: Payload System Performance Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Hyperspectral Snapshot Imagers onboard Nanosatellite Clusters for Multi-Angular Remote Sensing

Nag

Cahoy

Weck

et al. 2013

AIAA SPACE 2013 Conference and Exposition

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Hyperspectral snapshot imagers are capable of producing 2D spatial images with a single exposure at selected and numerous wavelength bands instead of 1D spatial at all spectral band images like in push-broom instruments. Snapshot imagers are critical technologies for multi-angle remote sensing using distributed space missions. They help to relax the attitude control requirements of clusters of small satellites whose narrow field-of-view payloads point at the same ground spot or to increase the footprint area of small satellite constellations with wide field-of-view payloads. This paper reviews the existing spectral imagers for multi-angle remote sensing, performs a feasibility study to incorporate existing state-of-the-art snapshot imagers and proposes baseline imagers to serve as payload for the distributed nanosatellites. The overall approach includes an extensive trade study to identify the optics, spectral elements, their parameters and compare the identified choices both qualitatively and quantitatively. The proposed baseline design has an telescope aperture diameter of 7 cm, focal plane pixel size of 20 μm, 1000 pixels per side of the focal plane array sampling the scene and acousto-optic tunable filters or waveguide spatial heterodyne imagers that simulate a swath up to 90 km, image up to 86 wavebands with an SNR above 100. The tradeoff between spectral and spatial ranges sampled by the two baseline imager options has been highlighted.

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“…While high resolution IR imaging can meet these challenges, there is a considerable cost in terms of power, form factor, and finance, in part due to higher costs of IR detector materials and material processing challenges when constructing small pitch FPAs. Despite recent advances, [8][9][10] copious research funds continue to be spent on developing larger format arrays with small pitch. CS addresses the question of whether it is necessary to physically produce smaller sensors in order to achieve higher resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressed sensing for practical optical imaging systems: a tutorial

2011

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Abstract. The emerging field of compressed sensing has potentially powerful implications for the design of optical imaging devices. In particular, compressed sensing theory suggests that one can recover a scene at a higher resolution than is dictated by the pitch of the focal plane array. This rather remarkable result comes with some important caveats however, especially when practical issues associated with physical implementation are taken into account. This tutorial discusses compressed sensing in the context of optical imaging devices, emphasizing the practical hurdles related to building such devices, and offering suggestions for overcoming these hurdles. Examples and analysis specifically related to infrared imaging highlight the challenges associated with large format focal plane arrays and how these challenges can be mitigated using compressed sensing ideas. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI: 10.1117/1.3596602] Subject terms: compressed sensing; sampling; image reconstruction; inverse problems; computational imaging; infrared; coded aperture imaging; optimization.Paper 100978TR received Nov. 29, 2010; revised manuscript received May 8, 2011; accepted for publication May 12, 2011; published online Jul. 6, 2011. IntroductionThis tutorial describes new methods and computational imagers for increasing system resolution based on recently developed compressed sensing (CS, also referred to as compressive sampling) 1, 2 techniques. CS is a mathematical framework with several powerful theorems that provide insight into how a high resolution image can be inferred from a relatively small number of measurements using sophisticated computational methods. For example, in theory a 1 mega-pixel array could potentially be used to reconstruct a 4 mega-pixel image by projecting the desired high resolution image onto a set of low resolution measurements (via spatial light modulators, for instance) and then recovering the 4 mega-pixel scene through sparse signal reconstruction software. However, it is not immediately clear how to build a practical system that incorporates these theoretical concepts. This paper provides a tutorial on CS for optical engineers which focuses on 1. a brief overview of the main theoretical tenets of CS, 2. physical systems designed with CS theory in mind and the various tradeoffs associated with these systems, and 3. an overview of the state-of-the-art in sparse reconstruction algorithms used for CS image formation. There are several other tutorials on CS available in the literature which we highly recommend; 3-7 however, these papers do not address important technical issues related to optical systems, including a discussion of the tradeoffs associated with non-negativity, photon noise, and the practicality of implementation in real imaging systems.Although the CS theory and methods we describe in this paper can be applied to many general imaging systems, we concentrate on infrared (IR) technology as a specific example to highlight the challenges associated...

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FPA development: from InGaAs, InSb, to HgCdTe

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Extended wavelength SWIR InGaAs focal plane array: Characteristics and limitations

Extended wavelength SWIR InGaAs focal plane array: Characteristics and limitations

Evaluation of Hyperspectral Snapshot Imagers onboard Nanosatellite Clusters for Multi-Angular Remote Sensing

Compressed sensing for practical optical imaging systems: a tutorial

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