Foxn4 – a new member of the forkhead gene family is expressed in the retina

Gouge, Angela Dawn Margaret; Holt, James K. L.; Hardy, Adrian P.; Sowden, Jane C.; Smith, Hazel K.

doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00465-8

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…It is also expressed in the developing spinal cord but a role has yet to be assigned during spinal neurogenesis (29). We show here that Foxn4 is expressed in a subset of p2 progenitors that coexpress Mash1.…”

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confidence: 70%

Foxn4 acts synergistically with Mash1 to specify subtype identity of V2 interneurons in the spinal cord

Misra

Matise

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

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Neuronal subtype diversification is essential for the establishment of functional neural circuits, and yet the molecular events underlying neuronal diversity remain largely to be defined. During spinal neurogenesis, the p2 progenitor domain, unlike others in the ventral spinal cord, gives rise to two intermingled but molecularly distinct subtypes of interneurons, termed V2a and V2b. We show here that the Foxn4 winged helix͞forkhead transcription factor is coexpressed with the bHLH factor Mash1 in a subset of p2 progenitors. Loss of Foxn4 function eliminates Mash1 expression and V2b neurons and causes a fate-switch to V2a neurons, whereas the absence of Mash1 displays a similar but less severe phenotype. Overexpression of Foxn4 alone in spinal neural progenitors promotes the V2a fate at the expense of the V2b fate, whereas Mash1 suppresses both the V2a and V2b fates. However, coexpression of both Foxn4 and Mash1 promotes the V2b fate while inhibiting the V2a fate, indicating that Foxn4 cooperates with Mash1 to specify the identity of V2b neurons from bipotential p2 progenitors.winged-helix͞forkhead ͉ transcription factor ͉ p2 progenitor ͉ spinal neurogenesis

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mentioning

confidence: 70%

Foxn4 acts synergistically with Mash1 to specify subtype identity of V2 interneurons in the spinal cord

Misra

Matise

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

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“…It was found to be downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Chang et al, 2005). Foxn4 is expressed in the retina (Gouge et al, 2001). A knockout analysis in mice revealed that Foxn4 is involved in the development of amacrine and horizontal cells during retinogenesis.…”

Section: Abstract: X Laevis Foxn Transcription Factor Eye Anlagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 shows the expression of the Xenopus FoxN4 gene. Similar to the mouse orthologue (Gouge et al, 2001), FoxN4 transcripts are predominantly localised in the developing eye. A weak staining is observed in the eye anlage at stage 18 (Fig.…”

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confidence: 98%

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of FoxN genes in Xenopus laevis embryos

Schuff

Rossner²,

Donow³

et al. 2006

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation, we have analysed the temporal and spatial expression patterns of Xenopus Fox genes of subclass N. By screening cDNA libraries and by RT-PCR using embryonic RNA and primers derived from EST analyses, we could isolate FoxN2, FoxN4, FoxN5 and different isoforms of FoxN3. FoxN2 and FoxN3 transcripts were found during all developmental stages including early cleavage and tailbud stages. FoxN5 transcripts were only present at early cleavage stages, while FoxN4 expression began after midblastula transition. Spatial expression of FoxN2 was first detected in the early eye field and later, in the branchial arches, the vagal ganglion and in the developing retina. FoxN3 transcripts were found within the animal cap. In post-gastrula embryos, neural crest cells and the early eye field showed strong expression of FoxN3. At late tadpole stages, the branchial arches were stained. FoxN4 was expressed in the early eye field and later in the developing retina cells, the nephrostomes of the pronephric kidney and in the midbrain. A ubiquitous expression of FoxN5 was found in early cleavage stage embryos. KEY WORDS: X. laevis, FoxN transcription factor, eye anlage, nephrostome, branchial archForkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are involved in a variety of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, maintenance of pluripotency and cellular differentiation. According to conserved amino acid positions within the DNA binding winged-helix domain, they are divided into subclasses (FoxA -FoxS) (Kaestner et al., 2000). Subclass N gained special interest, because Foxn1 (whn) was found to be mutated in nude mice lacking immune defence (Nehls et al., 1994). Foxn1 knockout in mice results in downregulation of hair keratins, athymia and abnormal morphogenesis of the epidermis and hair follicles. Furthermore, Foxn1 is a downstream target of the Wnt pathway (Balciunaite et al., 2002). FOXN2/HTLF (Human T-cell Leukemia Factor) was identified in search of transcription factors binding the LTR of the human T-cell leukemia virus (Li et al., 1992). FOXN3/CHES1 (checkpoint suppressor 1) suppresses the lethality, UV sensitivity and a G2 checkpoint defect of a mec1 null mutation in yeast and plays an essential role in cell cycle regulation (Pati et al., 1997;Scott et al., 2003). It was found to be downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Chang et al., 2005). Foxn4 is expressed in the retina (Gouge et al., 2001). A knockout analysis in mice revealed that Foxn4 is involved in the development of amacrine and horizontal cells during retinogenesis. The retinogenic factors Math3, NeuroD1 and Prox1 have been identified as putative downstream targets (Li et al., 2004). FOXN5/R1, FOXN6/R2 and Int. J. Dev. Biol. 50: 429-434 (2006) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.052126ms their homologues in the rat and the mouse were identified in silico. It is known that human FOXN6 RNA is expressed in breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer (Katoh and Katoh, 2004a;2004b).While the information on mammalian Fox...

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“…Compared with other fox TF subfamilies, the foxN subfamily members were discovered more recently. In mammals, the foxN subfamily has six members: foxN1 (Nehls et al, 1994), foxN2 (human T-cell leukemia virus enhancer factor, HTLF) (Li et al, 1992), foxN3 (checkpoint suppressor, CHES1) (Pati et al, 1997;Scott and Plon, 2003), foxN4 (Gouge et al, 2001), foxN5 (foxR1) (Katoh, 2004a) and foxN6 (foxR2) (Katoh, 2004b). foxN1 is widely known because a foxN1 mutation produces the immune-deficient nude mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The control offoxN2/3expression in sea urchin embryos and its function in the skeletogenic gene regulatory network

Rho

McClay

2011

Development

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Early development requires well-organized temporal and spatial regulation of transcription factors that are assembled into gene regulatory networks (GRNs). In the sea urchin, an endomesoderm GRN model explains much of the specification in the endoderm and mesoderm prior to gastrulation, yet some GRN connections remain incomplete. Here, we characterize FoxN2/3 in the primary mesenchyme cell (PMC) GRN state. Expression of foxN2/3 mRNA begins in micromeres at the hatched blastula stage and then is lost from micromeres at the mesenchyme blastula stage. foxN2/3 expression then shifts to the non-skeletogenic mesoderm and, later, to the endoderm. Here, we show that Pmar1, Ets1 and Tbr are necessary for activation of foxN2/3 in micromeres. The later endomesoderm expression of foxN2/3 is independent of the earlier expression of foxN2/3 in micromeres and is independent of signals from PMCs. FoxN2/3 is necessary for several steps in the formation of the larval skeleton. Early expression of genes for the skeletal matrix is dependent on FoxN2/3, but only until the mesenchyme blastula stage as foxN2/3 mRNA disappears from PMCs at that time and we assume that the protein is not abnormally long-lived. Knockdown of FoxN2/3 inhibits normal PMC ingression and foxN2/3 morphant PMCs do not organize in the blastocoel and fail to join the PMC syncytium. In addition, without FoxN2/3, the PMCs fail to repress the transfating of other mesodermal cells into the skeletogenic lineage. Thus, FoxN2/3 is necessary for normal ingression, for expression of several skeletal matrix genes, for preventing transfating and for fusion of the PMC syncytium.

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Foxn4 – a new member of the forkhead gene family is expressed in the retina

Cited by 34 publications

References 15 publications

Foxn4 acts synergistically with Mash1 to specify subtype identity of V2 interneurons in the spinal cord

Foxn4 acts synergistically with Mash1 to specify subtype identity of V2 interneurons in the spinal cord

Temporal and spatial expression patterns of FoxN genes in Xenopus laevis embryos

The control offoxN2/3expression in sea urchin embryos and its function in the skeletogenic gene regulatory network

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