Foveal Avascular Zone in Normal Tension Glaucoma Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Zivkovic, Maja; Dayanir, Volkan; Kocatürk, Tolga; Zlatanovic, Marko; Zlatanović, Gordana; Jaksic, Vesna; Radenković, Marija; Jovanović, Predrag; Kasumović, Sanja; Golubović, Mlađjan; Jovanović, Svetlana

doi:10.1155/2017/3079141

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…On the other hand, the grid-based analysis revealed that the progressed HTG group showed decreased VD in both the superior and deep retinal layers, while the progressed NTG group exhibited a more universal vascular defect in the deep layer compared to the control group. The FAZ in the progressed NTG group was larger than that in the control group, similar to a previous study [30], except the larger FAZ in the current study occurred before significant NTG development. Since circulation is an important factor for the occurrence and progression of NTG, rather than prominent high IOP [31, 32], more extensive vascular defects could be possible for impending NTG compared to HTG.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In the study written by Moghimi et al [10], the lower baseline macular and peripapillary VD were related to faster disease deterioration in mild to moderate primary HTG, whereas the results of the current study from the progressed HTG group reflect worse macular circulation compared to those simple cases before the diagnosis of significant glaucoma. Nevertheless, the relationship between SmVD as well as DmVD and structural damage in progressed NTG patients has rarely been reported elsewhere, and the association between basal FAZ area and VF defects in these patients further supports the previous concept that a larger FAZ was found in NTG [30]. These results further support that vascular abnormalities may be the main cause of glaucoma neuropathy in NTG, especially in progressed cases, which has been proven in both animal and human research [34, 35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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Correlation between Basal Macular Circulation and Following Glaucomatous Damage in Progressed High-Tension and Normal-Tension Glaucoma

et al. 2019

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Objectives: Evaluate the correlation between basal macular circulation and late structural damage in progressed high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Patients who received an OCTA examination were divided into progressed HTG, progressed NTG, and well-controlled HTG (control) groups. Superficial macular vessel density (SmVD), deep macular vessel density (DmVD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and flow area of the outer retina and choriocapillaris were obtained by one OCTA device. Associations between macular angiography and glaucoma parameters, including the visual field, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell complex, were analyzed. Results: A total of 60 eyes from 60 patients were enrolled. The progressed HTG and NTG groups had lower SmVD than the control group, while the progressed NTG group had lower DmVD and a larger FAZ than the control group. The flow area of the outer retina in the progressed HTG group was lower than that of the control. A significant correlation between SmVD and glaucoma parameters was found in the progressed HTG group, while a similar correlation between SmVD and DmVD to glaucoma parameters was observed in the progressed NTG group. Conclusion: The progressed HTG and NTG patients showed an impaired vascular intake before significant disease development compared to well-controlled cases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Correlation between Basal Macular Circulation and Following Glaucomatous Damage in Progressed High-Tension and Normal-Tension Glaucoma

et al. 2019

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“…Another fact that should be highlighted is the occurrence of variation of retinal capillary density and age-related FAZ dimensions [12,13], highlighting the importance of new findings from OCT-A. This has been reported in other ischemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathies [11,14,18,19] and sickle cell disease [20,21], in addition to glaucoma [22], with possible involvement at the level of the deep plexus, in addition to the histological variation found in this plexus, with greater distancing of the fovea and increased dimensions compared to the superficial plexus [23]. However, such enlargement is not easily interpreted, since there is variation in the size of this area also in the general population, since in a single individual this measurement can usually be large or abnormally increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Foveal Avascular Zone in Hypertension as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Sá¹,

Gadelha²,

Melo³

et al. 2019

CTOY

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Purpose: To investigate the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) area in patients with arterial hypertension using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Material and methods: The study was permormed at the School Clinic of UNIFACISA and at the Eye Care Center. It was included 21 hypertensive patients (study group) and 19 individuals without hypertension (control group). It was excluded patientes with diabetes or glaucoma. The measurement of the FAZ areas was performed by the DRI OCT-1Triton/Plus. For the quantitative variables, the results were expressed by their means and standard deviations. Qualitative variables were expressed by their absolute and relative frequencies. Student’s t-test was used to verify differences between means and Fisher’s exact test for differences between frequencies. For evaluating the correlation between the superficial and deep plexus areas, the Pearson correlation test was used. P value ≤ 0.05, rejected the null hypothesis. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School from Campina Grande -UNIFACISA and all individuals signed the free and informed consent form.Results: The means of the superficial FAZ of both eyes was significantly higher in the study group (right eye 410.7 ± 160.7 μm2 - 319.1 ± 108.2 μm2 - p = 0.0433); (left eye: 405.4 ± 144.8 μm2 versus 309.4 ± 87.7 μm2- p = 0.0174). The means of the deep FAZ areas of the right and left eyes were similar between the study and control groups (right eye: 559.6 ± 253.28 μm2 versus 605.1 ± 226.8 μm2 - p = 0.5548); (left eye: 673.2 ± 170.8 μm2 versus 585.6 ± 171.2 μm2 - p = 0.1142). The relationships between the superficial and deep plexus areas of both eyes showed a weak correlation between the two plexuses. (r = 0.4734), left eye (r = 0.2287), study group - right eye: (r = 0.4374), left eye (r = 0.3580).Conclusion: The area of superficial FAZ of the right and left eyes was significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. The deep FAZ area of both eyes, however showed similar mean areas between the study and control groups.

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“…At the same time, patients with NTG have a larger FAZ area and decreased peripheral vascular density. The OCTA technology has been used to further demonstrate that NTG is an ischemic disease characterized by vascular dysfunction [32] . In the present study, FAZ significantly changed in the early stage of APACG, indicating that it was a sensitive indicator of APACG-induced changes in retinal circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of acute primary angle closure glaucoma on the blood flow and macular structure: A prospective cohort study

Wang¹,

Yang²,

Li³

2019

Preprint

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Background: Mounting evidence shows that vascular factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, while optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) can provide a better view for microvascular changes in glaucoma. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of the severity of acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG) on macular microcirculation and the diagnostic value of blood flow and macular structure for APACG using OCTA. Methods: Patients with APACG hospitalized at the Tianjin Eye Hospital from January to April 2019 were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. They were assigned to mean deviation (MD) ≤6 (35 eyes), 6 < MD ≤ 12 (41 eyes), MD >12 (33 eyes), primary angle closure suspect (PACS) (40 eyes), and age-matched agerelated cataract (ARC) groups (33 eyes). OCTA was used to measure the vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in different macular superficial areas. OCT was used to measure the retinal thickness (RT) and ganglion cell complex thickness (GCC). One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the differences in VD and FAZ for different degrees of APACG. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were used to assess the diagnostic values of VD, RT, and GCC for APACG. Results: On comparing the ARC, PACS, and MD ≤6 groups with 6 < MD ≤ 12 and MD > 12 groups, differences in all parameters were found to be statistically significant. This indicated that VD gradually decreased and FAZ enlarged with the exacerbation of APACG. For the 6 < MD ≤ 12 group versus PACS group, the diagnostic value of VD was high (AUCs: 0.902-0.942), and that of RT was moderate (AUCs: 0.805-0.842). For the MD >12 group versus PACS group, the diagnostic values of VD (AUCs: 0.900-0.958) and RT (AUCs: 0.828-0.887) increased. Conclusions: With the exacerbation of APACG, the damage of VD in the macula was greater. VD had higher diagnostic accuracy, providing a new view for the diagnosis of APACG.

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Foveal Avascular Zone in Normal Tension Glaucoma Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Correlation between Basal Macular Circulation and Following Glaucomatous Damage in Progressed High-Tension and Normal-Tension Glaucoma

Correlation between Basal Macular Circulation and Following Glaucomatous Damage in Progressed High-Tension and Normal-Tension Glaucoma

Foveal Avascular Zone in Hypertension as Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Effect of acute primary angle closure glaucoma on the blood flow and macular structure: A prospective cohort study

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