Correlation between Basal Macular Circulation and Following Glaucomatous Damage in Progressed High-Tension and Normal-Tension Glaucoma

Abstract

Objectives: Evaluate the correlation between basal macular circulation and late structural damage in progressed high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) via optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: Patients who received an OCTA examination were divided into progressed HTG, progressed NTG, and well-controlled HTG (control) groups. Superficial macular vessel density (SmVD), deep macular vessel density (DmVD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and flow area of the outer retina and choriocapillaris were obtained by one OCTA device. Associations between macular angiography and glaucoma parameters, including the visual field, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell complex, were analyzed. Results: A total of 60 eyes from 60 patients were enrolled. The progressed HTG and NTG groups had lower SmVD than the control group, while the progressed NTG group had lower DmVD and a larger FAZ than the control group. The flow area of the outer retina in the progressed HTG group was lower than that of the control. A significant correlation between SmVD and glaucoma parameters was found in the progressed HTG group, while a similar correlation between SmVD and DmVD to glaucoma parameters was observed in the progressed NTG group. Conclusion: The progressed HTG and NTG patients showed an impaired vascular intake before significant disease development compared to well-controlled cases.

Increased Incidence of Glaucoma in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Cohort Study

“…Furthermore, the elderly is vulnerable to the glaucoma-induced damage, which has been well-established in previous studies [19,20]. Moreover, the etiologies of glaucoma also include vascular impairment [21], which is a more prominent factor in NTG [22]. Regarding histopathological presentation, impaired hairy cell, spiral ganglion cells loss and cochlear-nerve/hair-cell synapses degenerations were found in those with SNHL but without a regular pattern [23].…”

Topographic Differences in Superficial Macular Vessel Density in Eyes with Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma

“…However, there is some disagreement in the literature with regard to macular microcirculation in HTG versus NTG. Lee CY et al [22] reported HTG had the lower foveal VD than NTG. The results are somewhat different with the current study.…”

The Use of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer Lead to Similar Rate of Following Open Angle Glaucoma: A Population-Based Cohort Study

“…In these individuals who do not show the classic correlation of IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy, other pathophysiology including the vascular disorders have been purposed [25]. In the previous literature, the blood flow of optic nerve head would decrease in patients with glaucoma [26], and the superficial vessel density of both macular region and optic nerve head region were decreased in patients with OAG [27], which the loss of deep vessel density is more prominent in those with normal tension glaucoma [28]. In addition to the ocular vascular structure, systemic vascular disorders including hypertension, DM, CAD and cerebrovascular infarction had also been purposed as a risk factor for OAG development [15][16][17][18], and the existence of normal tension glaucoma is also related to subsequent ischemic stroke in a 10-year follow-up study [29].…”