Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial keratitis after refractive surgery

Moshirfar, Majid; Mirzaian, Garen; Feiz, Vahid; Kang, Paul C.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrs.2005.12.108

Cited by 84 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is supported by published case reports [22][23][24] and in vitro experiments [25]. At a time when antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms are becoming an increasing problem [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], introduction of a new method to treat corneal infections would be of great benefit. It is crucial to elucidate whether the photo-activation of riboflavin using UVA at 365 nm is a method which is possible to incorporate in the treatment of microbial keratitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)

Makdoumi

Bäckman

Mortensen

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)

Makdoumi

Bäckman

Mortensen

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…17,18 CXL may become a therapeutic alternative for managing antibiotic-resistant microbial infections. In 4 of our cases, the primary spot of infection was in the interface after LASIK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet A/Riboflavin Corneal Cross-linking for Infectious Keratitis Associated With Corneal Melts

Iseli¹,

Thiel²,

Hafezi³

et al. 2008

Cornea

287

204

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Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of ultraviolet-corneal crosslinking (CXL) for treating infectious melting keratitis.Methods: Five patients with infectious keratitis associated with corneal melting were treated with CXL at the outpatient departments of the Institut für Refraktive und Ophthalmo-Chirurgie and the eye hospital at the University of Zurich. CXL was performed when the infection did not respond to systemic and topical antibiotic therapy. Follow-up after cross-linking ranged from 1 to 9 months.Results: In all cases, the progression of corneal melting was halted after CXL treatment. Emergency keratoplasty was not necessary in any of the 5 cases presented.Conclusions: CXL is a promising option for treating patients with therapy-refractory infectious keratitis to avoid emergency keratoplasty.

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“…[6][7][8] The successful treatment of mycobacterial keratitis with fourth-generation FQs has also been reported. [9][10][11] However, bacterial keratitis resistant to fourth-generation FQs has been found 12 and the prophylactic usage of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin did not significantly lower the endophthalmitis rate after uncomplicated cataract surgery either. 13 Although the superiority of clinical efficacy between different FQs is still under evaluation, [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] controversial results exist that compare the toxicity of FQs towards the corneal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of fluoroquinolones: cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells

Tsai

Chen

2009

Eye

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Purpose To compare the cytotoxicity of different fluoroquinolones (FQs) towards human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Methods HCECs were incubated with FQs (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin), both as commercial ophthalmic formulations and as unpreserved solutions. Cells incubated in different formulations of gentamicin, cefazolin, and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) were also compared. A cell viability assay, using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, was used to evaluate the drug effects on cell viability after five incubation times (30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured with a voltohmmeter to help understand changes in paracellular permeability at five time points (4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h). Cell morphology was observed with an inverted fluorescence microscope, with multiple stage position and in time-lapse mode. Results The preserving solutions and BAC at concentrations above 0.005% significantly decreased cell viability, when assayed by MTS. Increased paracellular permeability and decreased membrane integrity were also observed by TEER measurements and inverted fluorescence microscopy. Ofloxacin and levofloxacin were both free of preservatives and showed the least cytotoxicity towards HCECs in commercial FQ eye drops. Conclusions The cytotoxicity observed with FQ eye drops seems to be caused mainly by the preservative, which induced a significant decrease in membrane integrity and increased paracellular permeability. We found the new generation of FQs (moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin) no less cytotoxic towards HCECs than the old generation ones.

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Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial keratitis after refractive surgery

Cited by 84 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)

Ultraviolet A/Riboflavin Corneal Cross-linking for Infectious Keratitis Associated With Corneal Melts

Comparison of fluoroquinolones: cytotoxicity on human corneal epithelial cells

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