Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)

Makdoumi, Karim; Bäckman, Anders; Mortensen, Jes; Crafoord, Sven

doi:10.1007/s00417-009-1231-2

Cited by 84 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Most importantly, an implementation of the method might reduce the frequency of complications associated with corneal infections and an increased healing rate in the treatment of microbial keratitis. The bactericidal effect of the UVA/riboflavin combination, described by us and others [33][34][35] perhaps cannot in full describe the healing of ulcers, since it is known that the photochemical process induces changes that alter the mechanical/biological prop- Fig. 2 a Patient no.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A number of publications have described the treatment of therapy-resistant infectious ulcers and the arrest of corneal melting after therapy with UVA activated riboflavin [27][28][29][30][31][32]. In vitro experiments have supported the view that there is a bactericidal effect of this combination by demonstration of bacterial elimination using 365-nm light photo-activation of riboflavin [33][34][35]. Further evidence of this antimicrobial effect is added by the pathogen reduction technology developed for elevating safety in transfusions of human blood products, utilizing the same mode of action [36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

Makdoumi

Mortensen

Sorkhabi

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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160

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

Makdoumi

Mortensen

Sorkhabi

et al. 2011

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

Self Cite

160

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“…UVA and B2 in combination have since been used as an antimicrobial agent for contamination in blood products [137]. In vitro experiments have supported the view that there is a bactericidal effect of activated riboflavin by using 365-nm UV light [138,139]. When activated by UV light 365-370 nm, riboflavin acts as a photosensitizer in tissues and becomes a generator of reactive oxygen species, creating free radicals to induce new chemical bonds [140][141][142][143][144][145][146].…”

Section: Antimicrobial Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

et al. 2014

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Abstract:With decreasing levels of ozone in the atmosphere, we are being exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) than ever before. UVR carries higher energy than visible light, and its effects on tissues include DNA damage, gene mutations, immunosuppression, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In the eye, UVR is strongly associated with the development of basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the eyelid, pterygium, photokeratitis, climatic droplet keratopathy, ocular surface squamous neoplasia, cataracts, and uveal melanoma, and is weakly associated with age-related macular degeneration. Despite overwhelming evidence regarding the deleterious effects on UVR, public health measures to encourage UV protection of the eyes is generally lacking. Options for photoprotection include sunglasses, wide brim hats, windshields, plastic films for side windows in cars, UV blocking contact lenses, and following the UV Index report daily. The American National Standards Institute currently has regulations regarding properties of UV blocking sunglasses; however, compliance in the US is not mandatory. On the other hand, UVR does have therapeutic applications in the eye, particularly, riboflavin activated by ultraviolet A light (UVA) radiation is used clinically to slow the progression of keratoconus, post-LASIK keratectasia, and bullous keratopathy by crosslinking corneal collagen fibers. OPEN ACCESSPhotonics 2014, 1 348 Additionally, riboflavin activated by UVA has been shown to have antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects. This is clinically relevant in the treatment of infectious keratitis. Finally, exposure to low levels of light in the UV spectrum has been found to regulate the growth of the eye and lack of adequate exposure may increase the risk of development and progression of myopia.

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“…The proteolytic enzymatic activity is the cause of clinical corneal melting during and following corneal infections. In vitro studies have demonstrated a good bactericidal effect of combined riboflavin and UVA on several bacterial species which are known pathogens in bacterial keratitis [159,160]. The effects on fungal and acanthamoebic activity in vitro were less favorable, showing no significant effect on viability [161,162].…”

Section: Other Indications For Riboflavin-uvx Collagen CXLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Collagen Crosslinking: A Systematic Review

Sorkin

Varssano²

2014

Ophthalmologica

160

122

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Keratoconus (KCN) is an ectatic disorder with progressive corneal thinning and a clinical picture of corneal protrusion, progressive irregular astigmatism, corneal fibrosis and visual deterioration. Other ectatic corneal disorders include: post-LASIK ectasia (PLE) and pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD). Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is a procedure whereby riboflavin sensitization with ultraviolet A radiation induces stromal crosslinks. This alters corneal biomechanics, causing an increase in corneal stiffness. In recent years, CXL has been an established treatment for the arrest of KCN, PLE and PMD progression. CXL has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of corneal infections, chemical burns, bullous keratopathy and other forms of corneal edema. This is a current review of CXL - its biomechanical principles, the evolution of CXL protocols in the past, present and future, indications for treatment, treatment efficacy and safety.

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Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated riboflavin using ultraviolet light (UVA)

Abstract: Riboflavin photo-activation using UVA (365 nm) can achieve an extensive eradication of bacteria, and the combination is more potent in reducing bacterial number than UV alone.

Cited by 84 publications

References 36 publications

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

UVA-riboflavin photochemical therapy of bacterial keratitis: a pilot study

The Role of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Ocular System of Mammals

Corneal Collagen Crosslinking: A Systematic Review

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