Four years of structural health monitoring of the San Pietro bell tower in Perugia, Italy: two years before the earthquake versus two years after

Giordano, Pier Francesco; Ubertini, Filippo; Cavalagli, Nicola; Kita, Alban; Masciotta, Maria Giovanna

doi:10.1504/ijmri.2020.111797

Cited by 30 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The adopted OMA technique includes the following main steps: (i) continuous vibration data acquisition, (ii) run of SSI (CVA formulation) data analysis, considering the model's order varying from 40 to 60 (with step increments of 2) and the number of output block rows of Hankel matrix ranging from 140 to 200 (with step increments of 10), (iii) noise modes elimination through reasonable relative rejection thresholds between modal parameter estimates (0.01, 0.03 and 0.01 for relative changes in frequencies, in modal damping ratios and differences between MAC values, respectively), (iv) clustering analysis of remaining modes and, finally, (v) extraction of mean values of modal parameter estimates with 95% confidence intervals. Investigation of seasonal and daily fluctuations of identified modal parameters, associated with changes in environmental conditions (primarily in ambient temperature), can be found in (Ubertini et al 2017;Giordano et al 2020b).…”

Section: Description Of the Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for earthquake-induced damage identification in historic masonry towers combining OMA and IDA

Kita

Cavalagli

Venanzi

et al. 2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

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This paper presents a novel method for rapidly addressing the earthquake-induced damage identification task in historic masonry towers. The proposed method, termed DORI, combines operational modal analysis (OMA), FE modeling, rapid surrogate modeling (SM) and non-linear Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). While OMA-based Structural Health Monitoring methods using statistical pattern recognition are known to allow the detection of small structural damages due to earthquakes, even far-field ones of moderate intensity, the combination of SM and IDA-based methods for damage localization and quantification is here proposed. The monumental bell tower of the Basilica of San Pietro located in Perugia, Italy, is considered for the validation of the method. While being continuously monitored since 2014, the bell tower experienced the main shocks of the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence and the on-site vibration-based monitoring system detected changes in global dynamic behavior after the earthquakes. In the paper, experimental vibration data (continuous and seismic records), FE models and surrogate models of the structure are used for post-earthquake damage localization and quantification exploiting an ideal subdivision of the structure into meaningful macroelements. Results of linear and non-linear numerical modeling (SM and IDA, respectively) are successfully combined to this aim and the continuous exchange of information between the physical reality (monitoring data) and the virtual models (FE models and surrogate models) effectively enforces the Digital Twin paradigm. The earthquake-induced damage identified by both data-driven and model-based strategies is finally confirmed by in-situ visual inspections.

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Section: Description Of the Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A new method for earthquake-induced damage identification in historic masonry towers combining OMA and IDA

Kita

Cavalagli

Venanzi

et al. 2021

Bull Earthquake Eng

Self Cite

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“…This has been explained as an effect of the superficial cracks and discontinuities that close due to the thermal expansion of the material. Still, for very low temperatures, the frequencies increase inversely due to the closure of the cracks induced by the freezing of the system [28,29,[42][43][44]. This phenomenon in some cases starts for temperature above 0 • C, determining either a non-linear correlation or a bilinear correlation with a knee.…”

Section: Interpreting the Variability Of The Structural Response To Support Damage Detection 21 Effects Of Eovs On Vibration Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon in some cases starts for temperature above 0 • C, determining either a non-linear correlation or a bilinear correlation with a knee. Other local phenomena can reduce the structural stiffness, and in turn the frequencies, with increasing temperature, including a progressive out of plumb or the slackening of ties [42,44,45]. A few studies also investigated the effect of relative humidity and wind speed on the structural behaviour.…”

Section: Interpreting the Variability Of The Structural Response To Support Damage Detection 21 Effects Of Eovs On Vibration Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Training Samples for Damage Detection of Existing Buildings through Self-Space Approximation Techniques

Barontini

Masciotta

Amado-Mendes

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Data-driven methodologies are among the most effective tools for damage detection of complex existing buildings, such as heritage structures. Indeed, the historical evolution and actual behaviour of these assets are often unknown, no physical models are available, and the assessment must be performed only based on the tracking of a set of damage-sensitive features. Selecting the most representative state indicators to monitor and sampling them with an adequate number of records are therefore essential tasks to guarantee the successful performance of the damage detection strategy. Despite their relevance, these aspects have been frequently taken for granted and little attention has been paid to them by the scientific community working in the field of Structural Health Monitoring. The present paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a multistep strategy to drive the selection of meaningful pairs of correlated features in order to support the damage detection as a one-class classification problem. Numerical methods to reduce the number of necessary acquisitions and estimate the performance of approximation techniques are also provided. The analyses carried out to test and validate the proposed strategy exploit a dense dataset collected during the long-term monitoring of an outstanding heritage structure, i.e., the Church of ‘Santa Maria de Belém’ in Lisbon.

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“…The methodology proposed in this paper combines OMA, SM and IDA for earthquakeinduced damage identification in historic masonry towers. It is applied to the San Pietro bell tower, an iconic Cultural Heritage masonry building that was hit by the three main shocks of the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence: (i) Accumoli Mw6.0 earthquake of August 24 th and the following shocks, (ii) Ussita Mw5.9 earthquake of October 26 th and (iii) Norcia Mw6.5 of October 30 th [4,23,24]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Use of Digital Twins for Seismic Structural Health Monitoring of a Monumental Masonry Tower

Kita¹,

Cavalagli²,

Venanzi³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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This paper presents the introduction of Digital Twins in the case of an historic masonry tower for rapidly addressing earthquake-induced damage identification. In the context of the present paper, a digital twin is a model or a suite of models of the considered structure that are updated/modified during time based on monitoring data. In particular, the proposed approach combines Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), Surrogate Modeling (SM) and nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA). On the one hand, OMA-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems successfully allow the detection of small structural damages occurring during earthquakes, and on the other, SM exploits the correlation between continuous vibration data and structural stiffnesses while IDA is carried out from a tuned model together with in situ recorded seismic data. The San Pietro bell tower has been considered for the validation of the proposed methodology. The tower is a monumental medieval masterpiece, located in Perugia, Italy, and it represents a relevant case study in the scientific literature due to its important experience during the 2016-2017 seismic sequence that occurred in Central Italy. While the OMA-vibration data processing assessed distinct earthquake-induced changes in its global dynamic behavior, the focus of the present work is the results on the use of linear as well as non-linear modeling, i.e. SM and IDA, respectively, aimed for post-earthquake damage localization and quantification.

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Four years of structural health monitoring of the San Pietro bell tower in Perugia, Italy: two years before the earthquake versus two years after

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

A new method for earthquake-induced damage identification in historic masonry towers combining OMA and IDA

A new method for earthquake-induced damage identification in historic masonry towers combining OMA and IDA

Reducing the Training Samples for Damage Detection of Existing Buildings through Self-Space Approximation Techniques

On the Use of Digital Twins for Seismic Structural Health Monitoring of a Monumental Masonry Tower

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