Four-wave mixing parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation at visible wavelengths in a silica microbubble resonator

Yang, Yong; Jiang, Xuefeng; Kasumie, Sho; Zhao, Guangming; Xu, Lei; Ward, Jonathan; Yang, Lan; Chormaic, Síle Nic

doi:10.1364/ol.41.005266

Cited by 66 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Given the complexity of this optimization problem, the initial research efforts into microcavity-based frequency combs chose to pursue non-integrated device designs. [4,39,60,176,207,269,[317][318][319][320][321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328] This approach removed restrictions related with onchip integration and nanofabrication compatibility during these investigations. However, to translate from the lab environment, researchers were motivated to expand beyond the conventional integrated photonics toolbox and to explore alternative material systems and integration strategies.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging material systems for integrated optical Kerr frequency combs

Kovach

Chen

et al. 2020

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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The experimental realization of a Kerr frequency comb represented the convergence of research in materials, physics, and engineering, and this symbiotic relationship continues to underpin efforts in comb innovation today. While the initial focus developing cavity-based frequency combs relied on existing microresonator architectures and classic optical materials, in recent years, this trend has been disrupted. This paper reviews the latest achievements in frequency comb generation using resonant cavities, placing them within the broader historical context of the field. After presenting well-established material systems and device designs, the emerging materials and device architectures are examined. Specifically, the unconventional material systems as well as atypical device designs that have enabled tailored dispersion profiles and improved comb performance are compared to the current state of art. The remaining challenges and future outlook for the field of cavity-based frequency combs is evaluated.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging material systems for integrated optical Kerr frequency combs

Kovach

Chen

et al. 2020

Adv. Opt. Photon.

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“…Insets: cross-sectional SEM images of the fabricated resonators. White scale bar is 5 µm resonators 31 and silica microbubble resonators 32 have been dispersion-engineered for comb generation in the 700 nm band. Finally, diamond-based microcombs afford the possibility of broad wavelength coverage 33 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…While dark soliton pulses can be generated in a regime of normal dispersion 34 , bright solitons require anomalous dispersion. Dispersion engineering by proper design of the resonator geometry 22,31,32,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41] offers a possible way to offset the normal dispersion. Typically, by compressing the waveguide dimension of a resonator, geometrical dispersion will ultimately compensate a large normal material dispersion component to produce overall anomalous dispersion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, by compressing the waveguide dimension of a resonator, geometrical dispersion will ultimately compensate a large normal material dispersion component to produce overall anomalous dispersion. For example, in silica, strong confinement in bubble resonators 32 and straight waveguides 42 has been used to push the anomalous dispersion transition wavelength from the near-IR into the visible band. Phase matching to ultra-violet dispersive waves has also been demonstrated using this technique 42 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Towards Visible Soliton Microcomb Generation

Lee

Yang

et al. 2017

Nonlinear Optics

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Frequency combs have applications that extend from the ultra-violet into the mid-infrared bands. Microcombs, a miniature and often semiconductor-chip-based device, can potentially access most of these applications, but are currently more limited in spectral reach. Here, we demonstrate mode-locked silica microcombs with emission near the edge of the visible spectrum. By using both geometrical and mode-hybridization dispersion control, devices are engineered for soliton generation while also maintaining optical Q factors as high as 80 million. Electronics-bandwidth-compatible (20 GHz) soliton mode locking is achieved with low pumping powers (parametric oscillation threshold powers as low as 5.4 mW). These are the shortest wavelength soliton microcombs demonstrated to date and could be used in miniature optical clocks. The results should also extend to visible and potentially ultra-violet bands.

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Cavity ring-up spectroscopy for dissipative and dispersive sensing in a whispering gallery mode resonator

et al. 2016

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generation [1,2], laser stabilization [3][4][5] and sensing [6,7]. The high optical quality factor (Q-factor) and relatively small mode volume of whispering gallery resonators (WGRs) render the modes very sensitive to subtle environmental changes. Until now, WGRs have been used to measure changes in a number of parameters such as refractive index [8,9], temperature [10][11][12], pressure [13,14] and stress [15,16]. Aside from parameter change detection, ultrahigh Q resonators have also been used to detect nanoparticles [17,18] and single viruses [19,20]. The mechanism behind ultrahigh sensitivity sensing in WGRs is based on a reactive (i.e. dispersive) frequency shift of the whispering gallery modes [19] as a result of perturbations that may be present. Alternatively, a perturbation may increase the optical linewidth of the WGM by introducing more dissipation [21,22], or may change the back-scattering strength [23] and subsequent mode splitting if modal coupling is present [17,20]. The optomechanical properties of WGRs can also be used for force [24] or viscosity sensing [25].Currently, in order to retrieve the dispersive, dissipative and mode splitting information, the transmission spectrum of a WGR through an externally coupled waveguide, such as a tapered optical fibre, is usually measured. Light from a tunable laser source is coupled into the tapered fibre and the transmission is monitored. Low powers are used in order to minimise thermal and nonlinear effects on the whispering gallery modes. By sweeping the laser frequency, the transmission spectrum through the fibre can be recorded. Any changes to the frequency, mode splitting or linewidth are used to monitor perturbations induced by the physical parameter that is being sensed. During measurements, the transmission spectrum represents a steady state of the coupled system; therefore, time response of the sensor [26][27][28] is related to the lifetime of the resonator which limits the scanning speed. For a WGR with Abstract In whispering gallery mode resonator sensing applications, the conventional way to detect a change in the parameter to be measured is by observing the steady-state transmission spectrum through the coupling waveguide. Alternatively, sensing based on cavity ring-up spectroscopy, i.e. CRUS, can be achieved transiently. In this work, we investigate CRUS using coupled mode equations and find analytical solutions with a large spectral broadening approximation of the input pulse. The relationships between the frequency detuning, coupling gap and ring-up peak height are determined and experimentally verified using an ultrahigh Q-factor silica microsphere. This work shows that distinctive dispersive and dissipative transient sensing can be realised by simply measuring the peak height of the CRUS signal, which may improve the data collection rate.

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Four-wave mixing parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation at visible wavelengths in a silica microbubble resonator

Cited by 66 publications

References 36 publications

Emerging material systems for integrated optical Kerr frequency combs

Emerging material systems for integrated optical Kerr frequency combs

Towards Visible Soliton Microcomb Generation

Cavity ring-up spectroscopy for dissipative and dispersive sensing in a whispering gallery mode resonator

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